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1960s Flashcards

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1
Q

Democrat candidate in 1960 election

A

JFK

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2
Q

Republican candidate in 1960 election

A

Nixon

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3
Q

Events that helped JFK win election

A
  1. Televised debates (charismatic)
  2. Kennedy brothers persuade Georgia judge to release MLK
  3. JFK has support from Eleanor Roosevelt
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4
Q

Mandate in 1960 vs. 1964

A

JFK only won the election by 1%. Therefore, he did not have the popular mandate.

Lyndon B. Johnson won the election by huge margins. He had the popular mandate

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5
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Kennedy

A

Strength: Charisma

Weakness: Inexperienced and Catholic

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6
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Nixon

A

Strength: Experienced, worked with Eisenhower

Weakness: Lacked charisma on TV

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7
Q

JFK’s cabinet

A

Very young

Incredibly smart (Harvard)

Aldai Stevenson and Robert Kennedy were on it

Public thought they were inexperienced

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8
Q

New Frontier

A

Kennedy’s legislative program for the USA to be new pioneers

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9
Q

Provisions of New Frontier

A

Medical care for the aged

Rebuild urban areas

Aid for education

Civil Rights

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10
Q

Problems JFK faced with the New Frontier

A

Lacked popular mandate

Conservative Republicans and Southern Democrats in Congress won’t support it

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11
Q

Camelot

A

The charisma of JFK captured the world

Made young people feel involved

Glamorous first lady

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12
Q

Jackie Kennedy in the White House

A

Focused on bringing an appreciation for fine arts by inviting prominent artists and musicians to social events

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13
Q

Alan Shepard

A

First American man to enter space

entire trip was only 15 minutes

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14
Q

John Glenn

A

First American to orbit Earth

Actually with Robert Kennedy when he was shot

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15
Q

Neil Armstrong

A

First man to walk on the moon

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16
Q

Kennedy and the Space Race

A

Approached Khrushchev twice about a joint space venture

Khrushchev turned him down the first time, but accepted in 1963

Then JFK died

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17
Q

Expansion of the space program

A

Universities expanded science programs

Massive amounts of federal funding for research and development led to new industries and technologies

Led to space and defense related industries (job creation)

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18
Q

Overview of JFK inaugural address

A

Spoke largely about international matters and stoping the spread of communism

Calls on fellow Americans to step up for their country

Does NOT address Civil Rights Movement

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19
Q

Flexible response

A

The build up of conventional troops and weapons to be able to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons

Created the Special Forces

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20
Q

Mutually Assured Destruction

A

the understanding that each side has the power to counteract a nuclear attack, therefore leading to total destruction

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21
Q

Significance of the Peace Corps

A

Placed emphasis on volunteering for country

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22
Q

Alliance for Progress

A

Helped stop communist influence in Latin America

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23
Q

Two organizations Kennedy made for containment

A

Peace Corps

Alliance for Progress

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23
Q

Two organizations Kennedy made for containment

A

Peace Corps

Alliance for Progress

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24
Johnson and the 88th Congress
During this time period more legislation was passed than any other congress Johnson used "the Treatment" to convince congress to due what he wanted Twisted arms, used political knowledge, and humor
25
Who was Johnson's hero
Franklin Roosevelt
26
Johnson and Civil Rights
Civil rights act of 1964 Ratify the 24th amendment
27
The Revenue Act
1964 Tax reduction bill to help stimulate the economy Great success
28
Economic opportunity act
1 billions towards increasing employment opportunities and training for the poor Job Corps, Head Start, VISTA were produced as a result
29
Election of 1964 democrat
Lyndon B. Johnson
30
Election of 1964 republican
Barry M. Goldwater
31
Barry M Goldwater
Republican in 1964 election Extremely conservative from Arizona Voted against civil rights, social security, and welfare Wanted US to withdraw from UN
32
Johnson's Great Society
1965 Greatest REFORM agenda since Roosevelt's new deal
33
Examples of Great Society
Medicare Civil rights legislation Federal aid to education
34
What did Johnson hope to accomplish right after being elected?
He wanted to push reform through congress quickly before he lost his mandate
35
Ho Chi Minh
Leader of Viet Minh in the North National hero who fought Japanese and French Took over French estates and distributed it to the poor
36
What was Ho Chi Minh's involvement in the South
The North Vietnamese army supported the Vietcong Fought Americans
37
NGO Dinh Diem
Corrupt government canceled free elections Kept French estates for himself Restricted buddhism cause he is a catholic
38
What did the public think of Diem?
He was hated by both communists and non-communists
39
Vietcong
South Communist opposition trying to overthrow the government and unite with Viet Minh in the north Fought Americans with the support of peasants
40
What role did Kennedy have in the Vietnam war?
Kennedy expanded aid and military advisors in Vietnam JFK didn't want to back down in Asia after his failures with Bay of Pigs and the Berlin Wall
41
What happened to Diem?
He was assainated in 1963 Peasants were being removed from homes and relocated to government run farms Led Buddhist monks to set themselves on fire
42
Kennedy and Diem
Kennedy supported the Catholics in South Vietnam during the 1963 coup Thought this might help us negotiate
43
Kennedy's plans prior to death
Stated that he was strongly considering pulling out of Vietnam
44
What announcement did Johnson make to the American people before Vietnam?
Three north Vietnamese gunships attacked the USS Maddox in the gulf of Tonkin
45
Gulf of Tonkin resolution
Congress gave Johnson the power to repel any aggression towards the United States The was not a declaration of war Considered a mistake to give Johnson this power
46
Why started the Americanization of the war?
Gulf of Tonkin resolution Johnson commits ground forces
47
Rolling thunder
Mass bombing of the North Vietnamese targets
48
Challenges faced by the United States in Vietnam
Fighting for the abstract idea of containing communism Fighting using guerrilla tactics In unfamiliar jungle territory
49
Why was the US not popular with the South Vietnamese?
Search and destroy missions (used body count to determine success) My Lai (South Vietnamese commanded on death missions)
50
What weapons did we use in Vietnam?
Napalm (firebombing) Agent Orange (herbicide used to kill vegetation and expose the enemy)
51
What tactics did VC use
Geurilla warfare Underground tunnels
52
Credibility Gap
Johnson deceived the American public by saying the Vietnam war was improving The body count and media showed a different story
53
Living room war
Vietnam was the first war that Americans watched on the their televisions
54
Tet Offensive
North Vietnamese and VC stage surprise attacks Turning point in the war. Vietnamese control 26 cities Realized that body count cannot be used to determine success
55
3 Steps taken by Nixon to remove the United States from the Vietnam war
1. Peace talks begin in Paris 2. Scaled back US involvement 3. Vietnamization
56
Vietnamization
1969 Withdraw of US troops in order for the South Vietnamese to become more involved in combat
57
Vietnam 1975
Saigon fell to the North Vietnamese Vietnam is united under communism
58
What happened at Kent state
Shooting of unarmed student protesters at Kent State University
59
Pentagon papers
Leaked Documents said to show unconstitutional behavior surrounding a series of presidents during the Vietnam war
60
Outcomes of the Vietnam war
Many US casualties Killed Great Society Divided American society Tarnished america's global image
62
War Powers Act
1973 Limits power of president to wage war without approval of congress
63
Bay of Pigs
Failed military attempt to use a guerilla army of Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro
64
Cause of Bay of Pigs
Castro was developing ties with the Soviet Union
65
Why did Bay of Pigs fail?
The airstrike completely failed ahead of time leaving foot solidiers alone Paratroopers land in wrong place Cuba knows what is going on Exiles surrender
66
Outcomes of Bay of Pigs
Kennedy will never committ to Americans going into Cuba Operation Mongoose started Set the stage for the Cuban Missile crisis
67
Cause of Berlin Crisis and date
Krushchev delivers a speech in which he demands that Western powers pull out of West Berlin 1958
68
Outcome of Berlin Crisis
NEED TO FIND OUT
69
Cause of Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR didn't like that we had missiles in Turkey Installed missiles in Cuba
70
What option did Executive Committee present for Cuban Missile Crisis?
Airstrike and remove Castro from power
71
What option did Kennedy pursue for Cuban Missile Crisis?
Quarantine on shipments from USSR
72
October 22, Cuban Missile Crisis
Kennedy addressed the American people and said that any attack from Cuba will be linked with the Soviets and we will counterattack
73
What was Krushev's response to Kenney's October 22 speech?
The missiles were defensive only Not going to be used to attack
74
How was military preparing incase Cuba launched missiles?
Armed forces placed on alert US subs stationed off coasts Nuclear warheads in air 24/7 Marines ready to invade
75
Significant outcomes of Cuban missile crisis
Vindicated Flexible response Kennedy and US gained new prestige Khruschev replaced by BREZHNEV Hotline established giving direct communication between White House and the Kremlin Prevent nuclear war
76
Warren Commission
Investigates Kennedy's death States that Lee Harvey Oswald is lone killer Three shots (magic bullet)
77
1963 Major Events
Children's March Medgar Evers March on Washington
78
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
1963 USSR and USA suspended nuclear testing Result of Cuban Missile Crisis
79
Truman and Eisenhower and Vietnam
French indochina They give money to the French Don't sign Geneva Accords and recongize Diem Worried about Domino effect SHITTY ANSWER ASK IN CLASS

20th Century (14 decks)

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