1964-1970

Question 1

What were the election results of the period?

Answer 1

1964 - 4 seat majority
1966 - 98 seat majority
1970 - 30 seat majority Conservatives

Question 2

What was Wilson’s political outlook?

Answer 2

Bevanite
Left of Labour
Had resigned over perscription charges

Question 3

What were Wilson’s economic policies?

Answer 3

Modernisation as Britain was lagging behind West Germany and Japan
Break out of the cycle of stop-go, runs on the pound and balance of payments defecits

Question 4

Why was Wilson opposed to deflation and devaluation?

Answer 4

Deflation - continued the stop-go cycle
Devaluation - would portray Britain as weaker and lead to them scaling back actions across the globe

Question 5

What was the balance of payments deficit Wilson inherited?

Answer 5

£800m

Question 6

How did Britain attempt to deal with the balance of payments deficit?

Answer 6

By creating the DEA led by George Brown
This was intended to control inflation and to end the stop-go cycle

Question 7

What was the relationship between the DEA and Callaghan?

Answer 7

They were in competition as the DEA opposed many of Callaghan’s policies

Question 8

What was the outcome of the DEA

Answer 8

Brown was moved to foreign affairs in 1966
The DEA was abandoned in 1967

Question 9

When were the Seamen and Dockers strikes?

Answer 9

Seamen 1966
Dockers 1967

Question 10

What did Wilson denounce them as and what was the reaction to this?

Answer 10

“a tightly knit group of Marxists”
Many on the left of the party were outraged by this

Question 11

What did the Seamen strike cause?

Answer 11

A sterling crisis

Question 12

What was the pound devalued by in 1967?

Answer 12

14%
$2.80 to $2.40

Question 13

What caused the need for a pound devaluation?

Answer 13

Oil crisis in the Middle East affecting oil supplies
Dockers Strike in 1967 affecting the balance of payments

Question 14

When was the second EEC application rejected?

Answer 14

1967

Question 15

Why did the devaluation damage Labour’s credibility?

Answer 15

Labour had tried so hard to prevent devaluation
Made Britain look weak

Question 16

Who replaced Callaghan as chancellor in 1967?

Answer 16

Roy Jenkins

Question 17

Where did Callaghan go after being replaced as chancellor?

Answer 17

Home Secretary

Question 18

How did Jenkins prevent the balance of payments deficit?

Answer 18

Deflationary measures (raising taxes and cutting spending)

Question 19

What was the impact of Jenkins’ deflationary measures?

Answer 19

Balance of Payments surplus in 1969
Labour government experienced decreased popularity

Question 20

Who created and when was “In Place of Strife”?

Answer 20

Barbara Castle
1969

Question 21

What was suggested within “In Place of Strife”?

Answer 21

28-day cooling off periods
Strike ballots
Industrial Relations Court for persecutors
The government had the ability to impose a settlement when two unions disagreed

Question 22

What was Frank Cousins’ role under Wilson?

Answer 22

Minister of Technology
Relied on the unions for his prices and incomes policy

Question 23

What was the result of “In Place of Strife”?

Answer 23

Opposed by the Left and unions
Wilson gave in, embarrassing the government

Question 24

What were the flaws of the government in modernisation?

Answer 24

The government lacked expertise
Jenkins who had been Minister of Aviation admitted to finding meetings a briefings difficult to understand

Question 25

What was the state of Labour divisions from 1964-1970?

Answer 25

Modernisation united the party

Question 26

What was the key quote about modernisation?

Answer 26

"white heat of technological revolution" - Wilson

Question 27

What was the state of the post-war consensus by 1970?

Answer 27

It had broken down with trade unions ceasing to cooperate

Question 28

Why was the Conservative's victory in 1970 surprising?

Answer 28

Labour had been successful in navigating difficult times such as Jenkin's handling of the economy

Question 29

What made people vote Conservative in 1970?

Answer 29

Enoch Powell's "Rivers of Blood" speech (although Powell was sacked and not allowed to take part in the election campaign) Selsdon Policies

Question 30

Details on the end of capital punishment

Answer 30

Temporarily ended in 1965 and permanently ended in 1969 Cause supported due to the death of Ruth Ellis and Derek Bentley

Question 31

Details on the divorce reform

Answer 31

1969 "no fault divorce" which previously required evidence of adultery Couples could divorce if they had lived apart for 2 years and both wanted a divorce or if they had lived apart for 5 years and one wanted a divorce

Question 32

Details on the abortion reform

Answer 32

Until 1967 it had only been allowed on medical grounds Before the reform 35,000 women were admitted to hospital weekly as a result of back street abortions In 1966, the Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child was created to oppose the legalisation of abortion Thalidomide aided the passing of the reform 141,000 abortions by 1975

Question 33

Details on the sexual offences act

Answer 33

1967 Allowed homosexual acts in private with the age of consent being 21

Question 34

Details on the education reform

Answer 34

By the 1960s, secondary modern students were viewed as grammar school rejects and the majority of grammar school students were middle class Circular 10/65 requested to all Local Education Authorities to convert to comprehensive schools The Robbins Report found that Britain lagged behind France, Germany and the USA in the provision of university places The Open University was established in 1969 and used TV and radio for distanced learning

Question 35

When was the voting age lowered to 18?

Answer 35

1969

Question 36

When were the race relations act passed?

Answer 36

1965 1968

Question 37

Evidence for issues regarding race?

Answer 37

1965: 1 in 5 opposed to working with a black or an Asian 9 in 10 opposed to mixed marriages

Question 38

What were the terms of the 1965 Race Relations Act?

Answer 38

No discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, religion and nationality in public

Question 39

What were the terms of the 1968 Race Relations Act?

Answer 39

No discrimination on the grounds of race on the grounds of housing or employment There could still be racism on the grounds of employment for "racial balance"

Question 40

When did the Notting Hill Carnival become an event?

Answer 40

1964

Question 41

Why were there strains in the special relationship?

Answer 41

Wilson only provided morale support for the USA's action in Vietnam This was because Britain couldn't afford military involvement and needed to retain the support of the USA to prevent devaluation

Question 42

What was Labour's stance on the EEC?

Answer 42

Wilson wasn't committed to joining the EEC Foot and Castle were Eurosceptic Brown and Jenkins were Europhiles Wilson favoured relations with the USA but could see the benefits to integrating with Europe

Question 43

Why was there withdrawal East of Suez?

Answer 43

Labour had to make spending cuts of £2 billion beginning with withdrawals from Aden, Malaysia, Singapore and the Middle East Post 1968, withdrawals rapidly increased

Question 44

When did Ian Smith issue a Unilateral Declaration for Rhodesian Independence and without what?

Answer 44

1965 Without black majority rule

Question 45

What battleships did Wilson and Smith meet on?

Answer 45

1966 HMS Tiger 1968 HMS Fearless Smith did nothing once he returned to Rhodesia

Question 46

Details on sanctions Wilson imposed on Rhodesia

Answer 46

Wilson imposed oil sanctions These were ineffective as Rhodesia could get oil still from Mozambique and oil companies and continued to trade with South Africa

Question 47

How large was the balance of payments deficit Wilson inherited?

Answer 47

£800 million

Question 48

When was Ruth Ellis convicted of murdering her abusive boyfriend?

Answer 48

1955

Question 49

When was the Rivers of Blood Speech?

Answer 49

1968

Question 50

How many illegal abortions were happening weekly before the reform?

Answer 50

100,000 to 200,000

Question 51

When was SPUC set up?

Answer 51

1966

Question 52

How many were educated in a comprehensive school by 1964?

Answer 52

1 in 10

Question 53

When was the Robbins Report?

Answer 53

1963

Question 54

What proportion of people owned a TV by 1971?

Answer 54

91%

Question 55

What was TV ownership at by 1965?

Answer 55

13.25 million

Question 56

What % of leisure time did TV account for by 1968?

Answer 56

23%

Question 57

When was Britannia Airways founded and where did it fly to?

Answer 57

1964 Spain, Malta, Bulgaria and North Africa

Question 58

When was censorship abolished?

Answer 58

1968

Question 59

By 1970, what % of students in higher education were female?

Answer 59

28%

Question 60

Which books demonstrate the feminist movement in 1964-1970?

Answer 60

Women: The Longest Evolution The Female Eunuch

Question 61

How did British Society become more permissive

Answer 61

The Beatles released Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds (LSD) in 1965 The Wooton Report in 1968 suggested legalising marijuana The liberal reforms, removal of censorship and availability of contraceptives made society more promiscuous

Question 62

Which youth subcultures emerged from 1964-1970?

Answer 62

Skinheads and hippies

Question 63

Where was there anti-Vietnam War demonstration in 1968?

Answer 63

Grosvenor Square, in London

Question 64

How many people were arrested at the anti-Vietnam war demonstration?

Answer 64

200

Question 65

In 1965, what proportion of people disapproved of mixed race marriages?

Answer 65

9 out of 10

Question 66

In 1965, what proportion of people objected to working with a black or Asian person?

Answer 66

1 in 5

Question 67

What % of the population supported Enoch Powell's Rivers of Blood speech?

Answer 67

75%

Question 68

When did the pill become available on the NHS for single women?

Answer 68

1967

Question 69

When was Bob Hope targeted at the Miss World Show?

Answer 69

1970

Question 70

Where and when did an MP run with the tagline "If you want a N for a neighbour, vote Labour"?

Answer 70

Smethwick 1964