1964 - 70 Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME
Why did Wilson appear classless?
A
He went to a state secondary school
2
Q
WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME
Why was Douglas-Home out of date?
A
Old Etonian, renounced his lordship through a peerage act, didn’t win leadership through any kind of party election
3
Q
WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME
What did the election results show?
A
More moving away from Conservatives than voting for Labour
4
Q
WILSON vs DOUGLAS-HOME
What did Wilson want to do away with?
A
Privilege, and replace it with purpose/drive
5
Q
TENSIONS
What were the 5 tensions and concerns for the Labour government?
A
- The economy
- Europe
- Trade unions
- Northern Ireland
- International issues
6
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Define a trade union
A
A group that exists to protect workers rights
7
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Define a wildcat strike
A
An unofficial strike decided on the day
8
Q
TRADE UNIONS
What percentage of people had a favourable view of trade unions in 1960?
A
60%
9
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Which two groups striked in 1966 and 1967?
A
Dockers and Seamen
10
Q
TRADE UNIONS
What did increased frequency of strikes show?
A
Many older union bosses were losing their grip
11
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Who did Wilson plan to implement union laws with?
A
Barbara Castle, planning to prevent unofficial strikes
12
Q
TRADE UNIONS
What white paper did Castle produce in 1969?
A
“In place of strife”
13
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Was in place of strife entirely negative for trade unions?
A
No, in many ways it strengthened their position with employers
14
Q
TRADE UNIONS
What were the four parts of “in place of strife” hard for unions to accept?
A
- The 28 cooling off period before strikes went ahead
- The government could impose a settlement when unions were in dispute with each other
- Strike ballots could be imposed
- An industrial relations court would be able to prosecute people who broke the rules
15
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Who supported Castle’s proposals?
A
Voters are many Labour MPs such as Roy Jenkins
16
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Who didn’t support Castle’s proposals?
A
Much of the Labour left and union bosses such as Jack Jones?
17
Q
TRADE UNIONS
Why did Wilson have to give in?
A
50 Labour MPs were ready to rebel
18
Q
TRADE UNIONS
In June 1979 what did the TUC negotiate?
A
A face saving compromise, but everyone knew it was a humiliating government step down
19
Q
THE TROUBLES
When did Northern Ireland gain independence?
A
1922
20
Q
THE TROUBLES
How was Ireland partitioned?
A
6 counties in Northern Ireland would remain in the UK and the other 26 counties would then make up the independent Republic of Ireland
21
Q
THE TROUBLES
What did the controversial partition lead to?
A
Civil war, unionists vs nationalists
22
Q
THE TROUBLES
What religion were the majority of people in Northern Ireland?
A
Protestants
23
Q
THE TROUBLES
Which group dominated the Stormont parliament?
A
Protestant-unionists
24
Q
THE TROUBLES
What was there mounting evidence of by the 1960s?
A
Catholics were being discriminated against in employment and housing. Electoral boundaries had been drawn to purposefully prevent Catholics being elected and there were accusations of the NIC being biased towards the Protestants.
25
THE TROUBLES
| What happened in 1964?
The civil rights movement in NI began to challenge the covert discrimination
26
THE TROUBLES
| When did tensions flare?
As some unionists feared the IRA would start a new campaign. These so called loyalists started to set up parliamentary organisations to defend the union.
27
THE TROUBLES
| When were civil rights marches held?
1968: these protests were attacked by the loyalists and many Catholics complained the RUC had failed to protect them.
28
THE TROUBLES
| What did Wilson resort to in 1969?
Sending the British army in to try and keep the peace
29
THE TROUBLES
| How did the situation deteriorate further in 1969?
The loyalists had gone ahead with their annual march in Derry and were attacked by nationalists in the Catholic area of Bogside. They were held back by two days of violent rioting. Televised pictures showed NUC officers beating up the Catholics.
30
THE 1970 ELECTION
| Who was up against who?
Edward Heath vs Harold Wilson
31
THE 1970 ELECTION
| Why did Consensus appear to be breaking down by the 1970s?
- Economy not solved by the consensus
- Trade unions seemingly more un-cooperative
- Social problems and policies had not being ended
- Debates about whether the state should take as great a role in the economy and employment
32
THE 1970 ELECTION
| Why was Labour's loss of election surprising?
The Labour government had now come out of it's rough patch and Wilson as considered more popular than Heath
33
THE 1970 ELECTION
| Why did Heath win the election?
- Presented an image of competence
- "Rivers of blood" in touch with public mood
- Heath himself appeared decisive and strong
- Breakdown of post war consensus made the Conservative policies appear more popular
34
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
| Why was it essential Wilson carried out the modernisation of the British economy?
He was elected on the basis he represented the modern age
35
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
| What was Wilson to desperate to achieve?
For Britain's growth to catch up with countries such as Japan and Germany, and to end the stop-go policies of the Conservative government
36
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
| What did Wilson see economic growth as?
The prerequisite for social progress and reform
37
ECONOMY: 1964
| Describe the state of the economy in 1964
- "Sorry to leave such a mess old cock"
- Election manifesto promised increased spending on welfare, pensions and school: immediately an issue
- Low inflation but low production
- Conservatives overspent and relied on American loans
- £800 million deficit
38
DEVALUATION
| Describe devaluation
Lowering the value of a currency in comparison to others in a fixed exchange system, makes imports more expensive and exports cheaper (so more people buy)
39
DEVALUATION
| Why didn't Wilson want to devalue initially?
It makes the economy look weaker and Wilson didn't want Labour to have a reputation of devaluing
40
DEVALUATION
| Why was Britain talking more seriously about devaluation in 1967?
Britain was in a debt of £1500 million and loans were not forthecoming
41
DEVALUATION
| What did Wilson and Brown beg from the US?
A loan or the required support for an IMF loan
42
DEVALUATION
| When did Wilson, Callaghan and Brown agree to devalue the pound?
9pm, the 8th of November 1967
43
DEVALUATION
| What did the pound decrease to and from?
It went from $2.80 to $2.40, a decrease of 14%
44
DEVALUATION
| What did Callaghan do the next day, once the pound had been devalued?
Resigned as expected
45
DEVALUATION
| What was Wilson's speech "pound to pocket" essentially about?
That the pound will change in value internationally but not domestically
46
DEVALUATION
| Who was the chancellor of the exchequer after Callaghan?
Jenkins, revived the fortunes of the country, happier to introduce deflationary measures and taxes
47
DEVALUATION
| What was the surplus by 1969?
£700 million
48
CALLAGHAN
| What did he raise?
Income and petrol taxes
49
CALLAGHAN
| What did Callaghan introduce?
A 15% subcharge of exports, this was abolished because of international unpopularity
50
DEFLATION
| What were the fears surrounding deflation?
Harked back to the stop-go policies, prevented Labour from fulfilling their manifesto
51
DEVALUATION
| What did Callaghan's first budget have to be?
Deflationary
52
DEVALUATION
| What was the bank rate cut by in 1965 and why?
1%, popularity for the 1966 election
53
DEA
| What was Wilson convinced problems could be solved by?
Careful management and planning
54
DEA
| What was Wilson convinced problems could be solved by?
Careful management and planning
55
DEA
| Who led the DEA?
George Brown
56
DEA
| What did Brown set up?
Growth targets and devised a national plan that had voluntary agreements of wages and prices: a huge success
57
DEA
| What stifled Brown's efforts?
The treasury not wanting to lose control
58
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| Which Labour member passionately fought against the EEC application in 1962?
Gaitskell
59
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| What did many members of the Labour left see the EEC as?
"A capitalist club"
60
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| What did Europhiles in the cabinet see?
The economic benefits of joining the EEC
61
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| What was Wilson very conscious of?
The fact Labour needed to appear united on the issue
62
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| Why did Wilson reapply?
- Economic benefits, same time as devaluation and the increasing deficit
- Issues in Rhodesia
- Straining American relations: Vietnam so wanted to strengthen relations in Europe
63
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| What was President Degaulle's role in the rejection from the EEC?
He was still president of France and had not changed his mind in 1963 despite many meeting with the Labour government. He rejected the application.
64
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| Why did DeGaulle reject the application?
Bitter about France's rejection from the 1945 Yalta and Potsdam conferences, he thought Britain would be an obstructive member
65
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| Were other members becoming frustrated with DeGaulle?
Yes, quite open with their annoyance
66
REJECTION FROM THE EEC
| What was the impact of rejection from the EEC on Wilson?
Humiliation, befallen the same downfall as Macmillan
67
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| Who was minister of defence under Wilson?
Denis Healy
68
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| What did Healy introduce in 1967?
A series of budget cuts, Healey's white paper proposed a timetable from troupe withdrawal from Adan, the middle east, Malaysia and Singapore
69
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| What did Healy introduce in 1967?
A series of budget cuts, Healey's white paper proposed a timetable from troupe withdrawal from Adan, the middle east, Malaysia and Singapore
70
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| What did Wilson believe in?
The Atlantic-alliance and Britain's continued role on the world stage
71
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| What were there no serious debates held about?
Reducing spending on nuclear deterrents, despite it's expense
72
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| What did the government announce it's committal to?
The US deployment of polari missiles
73
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| Why did international approach change in January 1968?
Dramatic spending cuts had to occur after the devaluation crisis of 1967
74
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| What was rapidly accelerated?
Withdrawal from East Suez, withdrawing troupes from Adan, the Arabian Gulf, Malaysia and Singapore by the end of 1971
75
WITHDRAWL FROM SUEZ
| Despite the wishes of Wilson and Healy, what had to be abandoned?
The development of a new high tech warplane: the TSR2
76
VIETNAM
| Was Wilson pro or anti American?
Pro American, very supportive of the Atlantic Alliance
77
VIETNAM
| Describe the context of Vietnam
Cold war ongoing, Britain wanted to ensure the US remained committed to the defence of Western Europe, fears increased because of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
78
VIETNAM
| When did the Vietnam war begin, and when did it escelate?
It began in 1955 and escalated in 1964
79
VIETNAM
| What did the USA want it's allies to do when the Vietnam war escalated in 1964?
Send troupes in
80
VIETNAM
| What did Wilson resist?
Sending in any direct military intervention
81
VIETNAM
| Why was Vietnam a balancing act for Britain?
- Wanted to keep the Atlantic Alliance but the Vietnam war was very unpopular in Britain so Wilson lacked political support
82
VIETNAM
| What other reasons did Wilson not want to intervene in the Vietnam war for?
Britain couldn't afford to send any troupes in
83
VIETNAM
| What did Wilson decide to do?
Give moral support rather than military support: this annoyed president Johnson and a number of Labour supporters who wanted the government to condemn the US
84
RHODESIA
| What did Southern Rhodesia demand?
Independence, Britain made it clear this wouldn't happen until majority rule replaced the political domination by white people
85
RHODESIA
| When did a political row blow up?
When Ian Smith became Prime Minister of Rhodesia in 1965 and issued a unilateral declaration of independence for Rhodesia without accepting majority rule.
86
RHODESIA
| What were Smith's actions?
A direct challenge to the Labour government
87
RHODESIA
| When did Wilson meet Smith?
1966 onboard the HMS tiger
88
RHODESIA
| What did the meeting onboard the HMS tiger seem to represent?
Progress, but Smith disavowed everything once he got home
89
RHODESIA
| What didn't have the desired effect on Smith?
Oil sanctions
90
RHODESIA
| Where did more talks occur?
Onboard the HMS fearless, but to no avail
91
RHODESIA
| What did the situation in Rhodesia cause?
Upset to the Commonwealth, Labour back benchers whilst synonymously making Britain look weak and Wilson unable to take charge.
92
LIBERALISING LEGISLATION
93
LIBERALISING LEGISLATION
| Who was the home secretary from 1965 - 67?
Roy Jenkins :))
94
LIBERALISING LEGISLATION
| What did Jenkins realise?
Laws needed to be changed in order for personal freedoms to be developed further
95
LIBERALISING LEGISLATION
| By the end of the 1960s, what was beginning to be broken down?
The old societal taboos
96
LIBERALISING LEGISLATION
| What do moral questions normally go to?
Freevote
97
LIBERALISING LEGISLATION
| Why were private members bills successful?
Roy Jenkins enabled enough parliamentary time for reforms to be passed
98
THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
| What were anti-hanging campaigns boosted by?
The case of Ruth Ellis, who was hanged for murdering her abusive husband in self defense
99
THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
| In 1955, what had the Conservative government done?
Reduced the number of crimes carrying the death penalty
100
THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
| Which Labour MP campaigned tirelessly for the complete abolition of capital punishment?
Sydney Silverman
101
THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
| What happened by free vote in 1965?
Hanging was abolished for a trial period of five years
102
THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
| When was the end of capital punishment made permenant?
1969
103
THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
| What did Jenkins also refuse to authorise?
The beating of prisoners which ceased in 1967
104
THE END OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
| What changes were made to courts?
1967: majority verdicts bought in rather than unanimous ones, helped to convict more criminals
105
DIVORCE REFORMS
| Until the 1960s, what did divorce law demand?
Evidence that one party had committed adultery, whilst this was ok for the rich it made divorce pretty inaccessible for the poor
106
DIVORCE REFORMS
| When was the divorce reform act passed?
1969
107
DIVORCE REFORMS
| What did the divorce reform act allow
"No fault divorce" following the "irretrievable breakdown of a marriage"
- Lived apart for two years and both partners agreed
- Lived apart for five years and one party wanted a divorce
108
DIVORCE REFORMS
| Describe the increase in divorce after the divorce reform act of 1969
1950: 2/1000 married couples divorced
1970: 10/1000 (increased by 5x)
109
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| What was abortion until 1967?
Illegal, accept on strict medical grounds
110
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| What was the only way to get an abortion pre 1967?
Backstreet medics or private clinics. Between 100,000 to 200,000 women had backstreet abortions each year. Between 1958 - 60, 35,000 women ended up in hospital and 82 died
111
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| What was the ALRA and what did they argue?
The "abortion law reform association" argued that all legal obstacles to abortion should be removed
112
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| What did more to sway public opinion than anything else?
The Thalamide disaster of 1962: a drug prescribed for pregnant women, caused fetal deformity, opinion polls showed abortion to be more favourable when deformities were detected in the fetus
113
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| What was set up in 1966?
The society for the protection of the unborn child
114
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| Which MP opposed the bill?
David Steel
115
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| What did the abortion act permit?
The legal termination of pregnancy in the first 28 weeks, with the consent of two doctors. Took in to account the mental suffering of pregnant women and not just physical.
116
THE LEGALISATION OF ABORTION
| Describe abortion statistics after the reformation
1968: 4/100
1975: 17.6/100
117
LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS
| Which Labour MP took up this cause?
Leo Abase
118
LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS
| What was passed in the 1976 Sexual Offences Act
Made homosexuality legal in three conditions
- Both partners had to consent
- Both partners had to be over 21
- It must take place in private
119
LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS
| Who was the act welcomed by?
Men who had previously been afraid to declare their sexuality and perhaps had been forced to live double lives.
120
LEGALISATION OF HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS
| How was the act viewed?
Strictly, "in private" was interpreted as nobody else being in the building
121
DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
| By 1960, what had long passed?
The idea that the tripartite system of secondary schools were equal. The whole system was socially divisive and based off class rather than academia.
122
DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
| Who established comprehensive schools?
The LEA
123
DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
| What did comprehensive schools mean?
Every child would have equal opportunities to learn at their own pace and sit exams according to their own subject ability
124
DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
| How many pupils were in comprehensive schools by 1964?
1/10
125
DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
| Who and how accelerated this process?
Tony Crosland, the minister of education. He accelerated this process by issuing circular 10/65 to all local comprehensive schools
126
DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
| What were the statistics by 1970?
1/3 of children in comprehensive schools
127
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DEVELOPMENT OF COMP SCHOOLS
What did middle-class parents do?
```
Send their children to private schools. Parents unconvinced education would be as good as the grammar schools, despite Wilson calling CS "grammar school education for all"
128
EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
| What did the Robbins report find?
Britain lagged behind France, Germany and the US in the provision of university places - especially in science and technology
129
EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
| How did the Labour government respond to the Robbins report?
Expanding higher education
- Polytechnics replaced colleges of technology, their focus was to be on practical's rather than research
- Nine colleges of advanced technology became full universities and the Royal university in Scotland became Strathclyde university
- 21 'new' universities were to be founded
130
EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
| What did the government achieve by 1968?
30 polytechnics and 56 universities by 1968. New degrees and courses were offered. People began to attend university even if they had family who had never been.
131
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY
| What did Harold Wilson say he most wanted to be remembered for?
Creating the open university
132
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY
| What did the open university combine for Wilson?
His enthusiasm for education, modernisation and equal opportunity
133
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY
| When and where were the OU headquarters' established?
1969, Milton Keynes
134
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY
| What happened in 1970?
There were enough applications for classes to begin
135
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY
| Describe the impact of the OU
Gave people degrees if they had never previously had the chance, remote learning, women or the disadvantaged, by 1980 giving more degrees out than Oxbridge
136
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| By 1961, what percentage of the population had a TV in their homes?
75%
137
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| What did the TV percentage rise to by 1971?
91%
138
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| Who was Hugh Greene and what did he do?
Became the director-general of the BBC, diverted money from radio to TV
139
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| What was launched in 1955 and what did it allow?
ITV, more advertising
140
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| What was the first channel to broadcast in colour?
ITV, 1967
141
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| How did radio survive?
Cars
142
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| What happened to radio stations?
More opened, such as radio one which hired pirate DJs such as Tony Blackburn
143
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| Which newspaper was launched in 1964?
The sun
144
THE EXPANSION OF MASS MEDIA
| What did the sun represent?
More permissive attitudes, popularity grew enormously
145
GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES
| Why did leisure expand in the 1960s?
People were now not being expected to work at the weekends
146
GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES
| Give three examples of popular hobbies
DIY, gardening and needlework
147
GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES
| What happened to car ownership in the 1960s?
It accelerated rapidly, with cars accounting for 70% of journeys by 1974
148
GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES
| What did shopping become?
A leisure activity due to mass advertising
149
GROWTH IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES
| What happened to holidays?
Mass tourism, Brittania airways founded in 1964 to serve holiday makers wishing to travel to a number of different countries
150
IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
| What happened in 1961?
The first person went into space
151
IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
| What happened in 1969?
The US landed the first person on the moon
152
IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
| What did the anglo-french partnership continue to develop?
The supersonic Concorde aircraft
153
IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
| What opened in 1965?
The tallest tower in Britain, aiming to improve telecommunications
154
REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP
| What did the Lord Chamberlain's office control?
What plays could be performed on stage
155
REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP
| What were playwriters becoming?
More critical of society and more frank
156
REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP
| What did the backbencher George Strauss introduce?
A bill to abolish theatrical censorship, passed with the help of Roy Jenkins in 1968
157
REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP
| What did the removal of theatrical censorship mean?
Plays could feature nudity on stage, this was first demonstrated through the play "hair"
158
REDUCTION IN CENSORSHIP
| What happened to films in the 1960s?
A gradual broadening of what was deemed acceptable, films such as Darling and Alfie featured explicit on screen sex and violence for the first ever time
159
PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY
| What were women in Britain frustrated about?
The lack of women in higher education (23%) and the lack of women in managerial positions (5%)
160
PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY
| What did the NHS Act of 1967 allow?
Contraceptives and contraception for the first ever time
161
PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY
| What did a rally in Britain in 1969 cause
The establishment of the Women's National Coordination Committee which tied all the different strands of feminism together
162
PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY
| In 1970, what four demands did the WNCC put forward?
- Equal pay
- Free abortion or contraception on request
- Equal education and job opportunities
- Free 24 hour childcare
163
PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY
| What did the 1970 matrimonial property act state?
The work of a wife should be taken into account in divorce settlements
164
PROGRESS TOWARDS FEMALE EQUALITY
| What did the 1970 equal pay act establish?
There should be equal pay for equal work
165
"PERMISSIVE SOCIETY"
| What did the catholic church deem contraception?
Sinful
166
"PERMISSIVE SOCIETY"
| What happened to permissive subjects?
They became less taboo in the media
167
"PERMISSIVE SOCIETY"
| Who was Mary Whitehouse?
A moral campaigner concerned about sexual liberation
168
"PERMISSIVE SOCIETY"
| What was set up in support of Whitehouse?
The national viewers and listeners association in 1965 but it came to no avail
169
"PERMISSIVE SOCIETY"
| Describe drugs
- More frequently used
- 10x more addictions
- "The hippy lifestyle"
170
"PERMISSIVE SOCIETY"
| What did the less liberal home secretary James Callaghan issue in 1967?
The dangerous drugs act
171
YOUTH CULTURE
| What did youths begin to do?
Question norms and assert it's right to choose
172
YOUTH CULTURE
| For a time what was London?
The fashion capital of the world: more extravagance
173
YOUTH CULTURE
| What did changing fashions help to override?
Sex and class divisions
174
VIETNAM RIOTS
| What was set up in 1966?
The VSC, gained lots of support from university students
175
VIETNAM RIOTS
| What happened on the 28th of March 1968?
"The battle of Grosvenor square": anti vietnam riots, 200,000 people were arrested
176
VIETNAM RIOTS
| What also happened in 1968?
- A member of the US embassy was covered in paint
- Two Conservative MPs physically attacked in Essex
- Denis Healy, Labour defence secretary, almost had his car overturned by Cambridge students
177
IMMIGRATION AND RACE
| Was there still racial tension?
Yes: 1/5 said they would object to working with a black or Asian person
178
IMMIGRATION AND RACE
| What act was passed in 1965?
The race relations act: forbade the exclusion in public places based on race or ethnic national origins
179
IMMIGRATION AND RACE
| What happened in February 1968?
There was an influx of Kenyan Asians which prompted the government to pass a new Commonwealth Immigration Act which limited the right of return for non-white commonwealth citizens.
180
IMMIGRATION AND RACE
| What speech did Enoch Powell deliver and what were the consequences?
"The rivers of blood" speech, a poll found 75% of the population to support what Powell had said
181
IMMIGRATION AND RACE
| What was passed in 1968?
The race relations act which banned discrimination in employment of housing and the race relations board was given more power
182
IMMIGRATION AND RACE
| Give five positives of emigration unseen in the 50s
- The annual Notting Hill carnival
- Asian corner shops and Chinese takeaways
- Fashion and street life
- Jazz
- Yoga
183
TRADE UNIONS
| What did trade unions agree to?
A voluntary pay norm of 3.5%
184
TRADE UNIONS
| What did unions support?
Wilson's national plan
185
TRADE UNIONS
| What did trade unions accept?
The setting up of a Royal Commission on trade unions
186
TRADE UNIONS
| What did Trade Unions welcome?
The Trade Dispute Act which restored legal safeguards threatened by the Rooks vs Barnard judgement
