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Patho Test 1 Evolve/Elsevier > Ch. 11 Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Tx of Cancer > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Tx of Cancer Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a phase of progression of malignant tumors?
  Transformation
  Growth
  Local invasion
  Differentiation
A

Differentiation

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2
Q 
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
  All neoplasms are cancerous.
  Cancer refers to a malignant tumor.
  Benign growths are cancerous.
  Malignant tumors have slow growth.
A

Cancer refers to a malignant tumor.

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3
Q

A person is diagnosed with a benign tumor. Which of the following is NOT associated with benign tumors?
They are well encapsulated.
They are well differentiated.
They retain no normal tissue.
They do not spread to regional lymph nodes.

A

They retain no normal tissue

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4
Q

A person has been diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which of the following is a characteristic of this type of tumor?
It has a capsule.
It does not invade local tissues.
It is well differentiated.
It is able to spread far from the tissue of origin.

A

It is able to spread far from the tissue of origin.

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5
Q 
An individual has been diagnosed with a cancer of the connective tissue. Which of the following is the name for this type of cancer?
  Sarcoma 
  Leukemia
  Lymphoma
  Carcinoma
A

Sarcoma

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6
Q 
An individual is diagnosed with a cancerous tumor that is very poorly differentiated. Which of the following terms describes these cells?
  Pleomorphic
  Anaplastic 
  Immortal
  Independent
A

Anaplastic

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7
Q 
A person has a tumor of the adrenal gland. Which of the following markers would be used to evaluate this tumor?
  PSA
  AFP
  Catecholamines
  DNA
A

Catecholamines

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8
Q 
Which of the following genes in their normal state negatively regulate proliferation?
  Oncogenes
  Tumor-suppressor genes
  Proto-oncogenes
  Telomeres
A

Tumor-suppressor genes

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9
Q 
Which of the following describes a mutation that occurs due to one or a few nucleotide base pairs?
  Point mutations
  Translocation
  Gene amplification
  Tumor-suppressor genes
A

Point mutations

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10
Q 
A person has a viral infection and is worried about cancer being linked to this virus. Which of the following viruses is NOT linked to the development of cancer?
  Epstein-Barr virus
  Hepatitis B
  Hepatitis A
  Human papillomavirus
A

Hepatitis A

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11
Q

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding caretaker genes?
These genes encode proteins that repair damaged DNA.
Loss of function results in decreased mutation rates.
When these genes are expressed, DNA becomes less stable.
Mutations cause DNA base pair mismatches.

A

These genes encode proteins that repair damaged DNA

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12
Q

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the staging of cancer?
Localized cancer is considered a high stage.
Benign tumors are stage 4.
Cancers that have spread regionally or distantly are stage 3 or 4.
Stage 1 has the worst prognosis.

A

Cancers that have spread regionally or distantly are stage 3 or 4

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13
Q

Which is NOT a type of gene misregulated in cancer?
Alterations in progrowth and antigrowth signals
Angiogenic factors
Telomerase activity
Mutation of oncogenes into normal genes

A

Mutation of oncogenes into normal genes

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14
Q 
Which statement is TRUE about metastasis?
  Metastasis is highly efficient.
  Metastatic cells are heterogeneous. 
  Metastatic cells suppress proteases.
  Metastatic cells undergo anoikis.
A

Metastatic cells are heterogeneous

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15
Q

Which statement characterizes radiation therapy?
It is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures.
In order to kill cells with radiation, the cancer must not have good local delivery of oxygen.
Radiation blocks normal growth pathways in cells.
Radiation can cause reversible changes in normal tissues.

A

It is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures

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16
Q 
15.ID: 37609334
Which is not a complication of cancer and its therapy?
  Paraneoplastic syndromes
  Pain
  Fatigue
  Weight gain
A

weight gain

17
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines how a tumor spreads?
  Rate of growth
  Degree of differentiation
  Anatomic barriers
  Body temperature
A

body temperature

18
Q

Which of the following is a function of the TP53 gene?
Stimulates cell growth
Activates a cell suicide program
Causes cancer
Most common gene found in breast cancer

A

Activates a cell suicide program

19
Q 
Which of the following is a characteristic of cachexia?
  Increased appetite
  Weight gain
  Early satiety 
  Least common cause of death
A

early satiety

20
Q 
Which of the following is NOT involved in tumor staging?
  Size
  Degree of local invasion
  Extent of invasion
  A standard scheme involving T, U, V
A

A standard scheme involving T,U,V

Patho Test 1 Evolve/Elsevier (19 decks)

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