1989-1991: The collapse of the USSR Flashcards
(7 cards)
How & why did the Brezhnev Doctrine end?
Gorbachev said the USSR would no longer use force to control the countries of
Eastern Europe. He believed this would make people happier and save the USSR
lots of money on their military. This would allow them to improve the economy.
How did independence come over Eastern Europe?
Without the threat of force from the USSR many countries in Eastern Europe
demanded change. There were free elections in Poland, Czechoslovakia and
Romania and non-communist governments were elected.
Why did the Berlin Wall fall in 1989?
Demands for freedom grew in East Germany. Restrictions on travel to the west
were relaxed and thousands of people began to pull down the Berlin wall. This
eventually led to the reunification of Germany as one capitalist country.
Why did the Warsaw Pact end?
The Warsaw Pact became increasingly weak as members left when they became
capitalist. It was officially ended in 1991.
What happened in the coup against Gorbachev (1991 August)?
Strict communists tried to remove Gorbachev from power, but they realised they
did not have popular support and allowed him back.
What happened in the USSR break-up?
The states that made up the USSR: Russia, Latvia, Estonia etc. demanded
Independence. Gorbachev dissolved the USSR on 25th December 1991
Why did the USSR collapse?
Economy—the USSR was not able to keep up with the USA
Arms race—the USSR spent huge amounts of nuclear weapons
Afghan war—the USSR spent huge amounts in Afghanistan
Freedom—people wanted the freedom of expression they saw in the west
Propaganda—capitalist provided people with a better standard of living
