19th Century

Question 1

When was Germ Theory discovered?

Answer 1

1861.

Question 2

What did Robert Koch use to identify bacteria?

Answer 2

Chemical dyes and powerful microscopes.

Question 3

Name one disease that Robert Koch identified?

Answer 3

TB 1882.
Cholera 1883.

Question 4

What did Koch’s discovery enable Pasteur to do?

Answer 4

Develop vaccines using weakened bacteria.

Question 5

What did Nightingale cut the death rate at Scutari hospital to?

Answer 5

42% - 2%.

Question 6

What did Simpson discover in 1847?

Answer 6

Chloroform.

Question 7

When did Lister develop carbolic acid as an antiseptic?

Answer 7

1867.

Question 8

When did Jenner discover that cowpox could prevent smallpox?

Answer 8

1796.

Question 9

When did the government make smallpox vaccination compulsory?

Answer 9

1852 and enforced after 1871.

Question 10

When was the first outbreak of cholera?

Answer 10

1831.

Question 11

Why was the first Public Health Act 1848 limited?

Answer 11

It was not compulsory, only optional.

Question 12

What was the Great Stink (1858)?

Answer 12

Sewage in the River Thames smelt so bad that Parliament had to be closed down.

Question 13

How many miles of sewers did Bazalgette build in London by 1866?

Answer 13

1300 miles.

Question 14

What did the Public Health Act of 1875 state?

Answer 14

Local authorities had to provide sewers, fresh water, paved streets and drains.

Question 15

What did John Snow discover in 1854?

Answer 15

Cholera was spread through dirty water. He proved this by removing the handle off the pump on Broad Street.

Question 16

Why did public health get worse during the 19th Century?

Answer 16

• Outbreak of diseases like cholera.
• Overcrowding in the cities led to the development of slum housing.
• No sanitation.

Question 17

When did Chadwick publish his report into public health?

Answer 17

In 1842. He linked dirt and disease.

Question 18

When did Nightingale publish “Notes on Nursing”.

Answer 18

1859.

Question 19

What impact did the discovery of antiseptics have?

Answer 19

It cut the death rate in Lister’s unit from 46% - 15%.

Question 20

What problem in surgery was not resolved in the 1800s?

Answer 20

Blood loss as transfusions were not possible.