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19th Century Philippines Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q
  1. Period of major changes that affect man and society
  2. Era of challenges and responses.
  3. Age of Enlightenment.
A

19th Century Philippines (1800 - 1899)

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2
Q

How is the 19th century a “Period of major changes that affect man and society”

A

Due to Changes in Industrial, Social and Political, Industrial Revolution

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3
Q

Elements(Aspects) of the 19th century

A
  1. Economic Aspect
  2. Political Aspect
  3. Social Aspect
  4. Religious Aspect
  5. Education
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4
Q

At what year did the last galleon arrive in Manila, marking the end of Galleon Trade

A

1815

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5
Q

This event lead to Manila officially being opened to world commerce

A

Opening of Suez Canal and the World Trade

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6
Q

This event established monopolies in the Philippines

A

Rise of the export crop and monopolies

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7
Q
  • was the main source of income for the colony during its early years.
  • Service was inaugurated in 1565 and continued into the early 19th century
A

Manila - Acapulco Galleon Trade

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8
Q

Manila-Acapulco’s Galleon Trade was inaugurated in _____ and continued into the early __th century.

A

1565, 19th

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9
Q

Crops/goods traded from Manila - Mexico? (7)

A

tamarind, rice, carabao, Chinese tea, textiles, fireworks and tuba.

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10
Q

Crops/goods traded from Mexico-Manila? (4)

A

guava, pineapple, horse, cattle

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11
Q

The Galleon trade brought ____ from New Spain and ___ from China by way of Manila

A

silver, silk

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12
Q

The Galleon trade brought silver from New Spain and silk from China by way of Manila. This way, the Philippines earned its income through buy and sell – that is, they bought _______ for ______

A

American silver for resale to China.

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13
Q

When was Suez Canal opened?

A

November 1869

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14
Q

(3) effects of the opening of suez canal?

A
  1. The Philippines brought closer to Spain (32-40 days)
  2. It become huge advantage in commercial enterprises esp. between Europe and Asia.
  3. It expedited the importation not only of commercial products but also of books, magazines, newspapers, with liberal ideas from America and Europe
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15
Q

The opening of Suez Canal: The Philippines brought closer to Spain. By how many days?

A

32 - 40 days

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16
Q

Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: Filipinos life prosper due to the _______ in the country.

A

vigorous economic activity

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17
Q

Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: ______ were introduced

A

Modern methods of agriculture

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18
Q

Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: The means of _____ and _______ improved

A

communication and transportation

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19
Q

Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: Emergence of the ______.

A

Middle Class

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20
Q

Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: More Filipinos were able to _____.

A

study in Europe

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21
Q

Effects of the Economy to the Philippines: Acquired ______ and improved _________.

A

material wealth and social life

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22
Q

In _____, the Spanish govt closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico, thereby giving birth to the Manila-Acapulco Trade (Galleon Trade)

A

1565

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23
Q

On ________, the galleon trade ended with Mexico’s war of independence

A

October 14, 1815

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24
Q

What were the products produced for foreign markets? (3)

A

Sugar, hemp, and coffee

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25
It provided opportunities to the Chinese — Many Chinese moved to the provinces that produced export crops
Rise of the Export of Crop Economy
26
Agents who could distribute imports in the interior and buy up goods for export was a role assumed primarily by the ______
Chinese
27
Rise of the Export of Crop Economy: Sugar was produced where?
Southeastern Luzon, Eastern Visayas
28
Rise of the Export of Crop Economy: Hemp was produced where?
Western Visayas
29
Rise of the Export of Crop Economy: Tobacco was produced where?
Northeastern Luzon
30
During the 1840's, the Spanish govt legalized the use of ______ (provided that it was limited to Chinese). Thus, the ________ monopoly was a specially profitable monopoly
opium
31
Among the many monopoly system, the _____ was the most controversial and oppressive one
tobacco monopoly
32
On March 1, 1782, ________ placed the Philippine tobacco industry under govt control, thereby establishing tobacco monopoly
Governor General Jose Basco
33
On ______ (date), Governor General Jose Basco placed the Philippine tobacco industry under govt control, thereby establishing tobacco monopoly
March 1, 1782
34
_________ for the collection of different revenues were opened for foreigners for the first time
Government monopoly contracts
35
5 monopoly systems
Opium Monopoly Liquor Monopoly Betel nut Monopoly Tobacco Monopoly Explosives Monopoly
36
For how long did the Tobacco Monopoly lasted?
100 years
37
Who ran the education during the 19th century?
Catholic missionaries
38
Aiming to convert natives to the Catholic faith and make them obedient, the colonial govt and the Catholic Church made religion a _________ at all levels
compulsory subject
39
King Philip II's ________ mandated Spanish authorities in the PH to educate the locals, to teach them how to read and write and to learn Spanish
Leyes de Indias (Laws of the Indios)
40
Most of the people around 19th century has developed especially on the education attainment. Colleges were implemented which have subjects like (4)
Latin, geography, math and Philosophy
41
Education of different Filipinos were changed when the ______ was opened between Europe and Asia.
Suez Canal
42
_____ were made and another class was made which is the _________.
Public schools, Illustrados
43
What type of education system was implemented during the 19th century?
European system of Education
44
The European system of education was run by who?
Run by Catholic Missionaries
45
Religion- compulsory subject ”_________-"
religion centered
46
Education for the _____ only
elite
47
In education, Boys and girls schools are _______.
separated
48
In the 19th century, education was inadequate, suppressed and controlled as it was _______
ran by the friars
49
In 19th century, education in the Philippines used what type of punishment?
corporal punishment
50
5 social classes (top to bottom)
* peninsulares * insulares * principalia * sangley/Chinese * Indios
51
Social class: includes Spanish officials, and friars. They were born in Spain.
Peninsulares
52
Social Class: half-Filipino and half Spanish. Born in the Philippines
Insulares
53
Social class: Middle Class. Rich filipinos, Gobernadorcillos, native filipino
Principalia
54
Social Class: - lower class which includes Filipinos only
Indios
55
Inquilinos means?
"tenant"
56
They have the right to use land in exchange for rent
Inquilinos
57
11 Spanish Misrules and Abuses?
1. Instability of Colonial Administration. 2. Corrupt Officials 3. No representation in the Spanish Cortes 4. Human Rights of Filipinos are denied. 5. No equality before the law. 6. Injustice/s 7. Racial Discrimination. 8. Frailocracy 9. Forced Labor 10. Friars owning haciendas 11. Guardia civil abuses
58
people who wanted to fight for democracy, wanted the people to vote their leader, wanted freedom of speech, press, assembly, etc.
Liberals
59
people who wanted to remain “status quo, wanted the monarchy to continue the bloodline to become their leader."
Conservatives
60
Spain lost most, if not all, of its colonies in ______ in the 19th century.
South America
61
What was the reason why Spain lost most of its South America colonies in the 19th century?
Because of civil wars in 19th century. Wars between liberals and the conservatives for most of this century. This colonies are Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Mexico etc.
62
Effect of the lost of Spain's South American colonies in the Philippines? (4)
1. Constant practice of replacing Governor Generals (41- in 45 years). 2. Dumping ground for inept bureaucrats. 3. Political Instability. 4. Rampant graft and corruption in the government.
63
“friar rule”. Friars used religion to maintain Spanish influence in the Philippines
Frailocracy
64
2 types of priests during the Spanish period?
Secular Regulars
65
# Priests who: * did not belong to a religious order * are mostly composed by Filipino priests * not bound by monastic vows/rules * mostly assigned as assistants to Spanish friars
Secular priests
66
# Priests who: * one who established and administered country's parishes * belongs to different religious orders * take religious vows of chastity, poverty, obedience and obey the institute's rule of life * originally came as missionaries to the Philippines * Spanish friars * example: Franciscans, Recollects, Dominicans, Augustinians, Jesuits
Regular priests
67
Governor generals may come and go but the _____ remains. They are the most influential individual in the Philippines.
friar
68
They were considered as the most evil of all men. Rizal considered them as his enemies
Religious people (friars)
69
In addition, the friars were used as a _______ to maintain Filipino loyalty to Spain.
political instrument
70
_______ continued the fight of father Pelaez started. They are fighting for the equality between regular and the seculars.
Father Jose Burgoz
71
Father Jose Burgoz along with ______ and ______ on accused of starting the _____ and later arrested, convicted and executed in ______.
* father Gomez and Zamora later * Cavite mutiny * 1872
72
The 19th century was also known as the __________
Age of enlightenment
73
When was the tobacco monopoly abolished?
1882
74
Better understood as a qualified system of tenancy, or the right to use land in exchange for rent
19th century inquilino system in the Philippines
75
endeavored to curtail contraband commerce, reclaim control over transatlantic trade, restrict church's power, reform state finances to fill dwindling royal coffers, and found tighter administrative and political control within the empire
Bourbon Reform

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