1A: Intro to anatomy: 1A.3 Axial skeleton Flashcards
what does the axial skeleton consist of?
-skull
-mandible
-sternum
-ribs (costa)
-vertebrae
-cervical(7)
-thoracic(12)
-lumbar(5)
-sacrum+coccyx
what are the 5 neurocranium bones?
Frontal
occipital
parietal
sphenoid
temporal
what are the 9 viscerocranium (facial) bones
Ethmoid
inferior nasal concha
lacrimal
zygomatic
vomer
mandible
maxilla
nasal
palatine
What are the 4 sutures in the skull?
coronal
sagittal
lambdoid
squamoid
What are the 4 types of Fontanelles?
Anterior fontanel
Posterior fontanel
Posterolateral fontanel
Anterolateral fontanel
The spine
24 vertebrae
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
1 sacrum
- 5 fused vertebrae
1 coccyx
what type of spine curve does a newborn have?
kyphotic (1 curve)
What type of curve does a adult spinal column have?
4
- cervical lordosis
- thoracic kyphosis
- lumbar lordosis
- sacral kyphosis
what are the 3 abnormal curves of the spine
- scoliosis (left to right)
- kyphosis (pronounced curve in thoracic)
- Lordosis (pronounced curve in lumbar)
surface anatomy (spine)
- c7 spinous process(vertebra prominens)
- cervicothoracic junction
- t3 spinous process
scapular spine - t7 spinous process
- inferior angle of scapula
-t12 spinous process
-12th rib
-L4 spinous process
-Iliac crest
-posterior superior illac spine
-s2 spinous process
General vertebral anatomy
-spine hands
-lamina forearm
-pedicle arm
-body body
transverse Pr.elbow
arms bent with hands touching head
cervical spine
-7 vertebra
-lordosis (rounded part of curve is in front of body)
key features
- bifid spinous pr.
- transverse foramen
- c1 (atlas)
no body or spine
-c2 (axis)
Dens
SHAKING HEAD NO ARTICULATES BETWEEN C1 AND C2
Vertebral artery
- passes through transverse foramen
- part of circle of willis
-blood supply to brain
Thoracic spine
- kyphosis (rounded part is at the back)
- 12 vertebra
- key features:
giraffe shaped spines
heart shaped bodies
costal facets
Lumbar spine
- lordosis (rounded part of body is in front of body)
- 5 vertebra
- key features:
squat, thick bodies
moose shaped spines
Osteoporosis
- Imbalance between bone formation (osteoblast) + breakdown (osteoclast) activity
- symptoms:
back pain
compression fractures
sacrum+coccyx
- kyphosis (rounded part is in the back)
- 5 fused vertebra
- key features:
promontory
auricular surface
sacral canal + hiatus
coccyx (3-5 fused vertebrae)
what are the anterior characteristics of the longitudinal ligaments
- anterior of vertebral bodies
- broad fibrous band
- occipital bone to sacrum
what are the posterior characteristics of the longitudinal ligaments
- posterior of vertebral bodies
- narrow fibrous band
- within vertebral canal
Longitudinal ligaments location
-Supraspinous ligament
on top of spinous processes
- interspinous ligament
between spinous processes
-ligamentum flavum
between lamina processes
what are the 6 joints of the spine?
- Atlanto-occipital Jt
- Lateral Atlantoaxial Jt
*Medial jt not seen here - Zygapophyseal Jt
-Intervertebral Jt
-*Costovertebral Jts.
what spine joint are synovial joints between superior articular facets of atlas + occipital condyles of skull and allow for nodding (flexion/extension)?
Atlanto-occipital Joints
What spine joint has 1 medial joint between atlas and axis, 2 lateral joints, is similar to zygapophyseal joints and facilitates movement of the head?
Atlanto-axial joints
what type of spine joint is a plane has synovial joints between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae, stabilizes the column and has innervation at the dorsal rami
zygapophyseal (facet) joints
