1a intro to psych P1

Question 1

what proportion of people will have a mental health condition in their lifetime?

Answer 1

1/3

Question 2

what are the main differences between mental and physical illness?

Answer 2

1.People often do not perceive themselves to be ill (No “therapeutic contract”+ Reluctance to accept treatment)
2. No scientific basis to form diagnosis
3. diagnose by symptom cluster rather than pathology (looking at cells etc)

Question 3

how do mental illnesses tend to be diagnosed?

Answer 3

• via symptom clusters. then you can form a hypothesis and work backwards
• ## there is some uncertainty about diagnosis

Question 4

what are ruminations?

Answer 4

when you think deeply about something

Question 5

what is psychic anxiety?

Answer 5

feeling of dread/fear

Question 6

what are some of the physical symptoms of psychic anxiety?

Answer 6

palpitations
sweating
dry mouth
Splanchnic vasoconstriction (butterflies)
Tremor
Paraesthesia (pins & needles)
Depersonalisation
Syncope

Question 7

what is the term for butterflies in stomach and when do you get this?

Answer 7

splanchnic vasoconstriction + when your anxious

Question 8

What does paraesthesia mean?

Answer 8

pins and needles

Question 9

what is meant by syncope

Answer 9

fainting/passing out

Question 10

what are some of the key symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 10

get obsessions and compulsions

Question 11

what is important to remember about the obsessions in OCD?

Answer 11

• whilst the obsessions themselves may be bizarre, the px still has insight.
• they have ego dystonic thoughts, meaning they are trying to fight their obsessions
• they are unbidden and resisted
• this resistance leads to anxiety

Question 12

what are compulsions seen in OCD?

Answer 12

• motor response to obsessional thoughts
• often ritualisitc,stereotyped + precise
• will start again if interrupted

Question 13

what are ego-dystonic thoughts?

Answer 13

when you try and fight your thoughts as you feel repulsed by them

Question 14

what are the 7 classifications of anxiety?

Answer 14

Generalised anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Simple phobia
Social phobia
Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD)
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 15

what is agoraphobia

Answer 15

intense fear when in a place that may be difficult to escape from

Question 16

when is anxiety considered to be a disorder?

Answer 16

if it is excessive, impacts on life or out of context

Question 17

what is the most common mental health disorder?

Answer 17

anxiety

Question 18

what are some treatment options for anxiety disorder?

Answer 18

CBT
anti-depressants

Question 19

whcih anti-depressant is particularly good for OCD?

Answer 19

clomipramine

Question 20

what are some worring symptoms of depression?

Answer 20

• feel guility about trivial events
• delusions of poverty
• meticulous plans for suicide

Question 21

what are the 3 core features of depression?

Answer 21

Pervasive low mood/sadness
Loss of energy (anergia)
Loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)

Question 22

what does anergia mean?

Answer 22

loss of energy

Question 23

what does anhedonia mean?

Answer 23

loss of enjoyment

Question 24

how many of the core features of depression do you need for diagnosis?

Answer 24

2/3

Question 25

what are some of the physical symptoms of depression?

Answer 25

Loss of appetite Weight loss Diurnal variation of mood Poor sleep Loss of libido Constipation Psychomotor slowing or agitation

Question 26

what are the some psychological symptoms of depression?

Answer 26

Poor concentration Feelings of guilt Feelings of hopelessness Low self-esteem Indecisive Suicidal ideation Delusions

Question 27

what is the most common cause of death in young men?

Answer 27

suicide

Question 28

what is suicide commonly assosciated with?

Answer 28

- drug/alcohol use disorders - depression

Question 29

what sort of approcah should all physicians have when forming a treatment plan for mental illnesses?

Answer 29

a biopsychosocial approach

Question 30

what are the treatment options for depression?

Answer 30

antidepressants Psychological therapies (CBT) Social prescribing

Question 31

which antidepressant can be given to people with depression?

Answer 31

venlafaxine

Question 32

what proportion of people make a full recovery from depression?

Answer 32

90%

Question 33

what are some symptoms of mania?

Answer 33

Elated mood Irritability Over-energized Grandiose Little need for sleep Poor concentration Poor judgement Over-spending Rapid speech

Question 34

what are some of the key symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 34

hallucinations delusions abnormal behaviour disorganised speech disturbances of emotions

Question 35

what are hallucinations?

Answer 35

hearing, seeing or feeling things that are not there.

Question 36

what are somatic hallucinations? in which conditon can you ge this?

Answer 36

hallucinations where you can feel things. seen in schizophrenia

Question 37

what are delusions?

Answer 37

fixed false beliefs not shared by others in the person’s culture and that are firmly held even when there is evidence to the contrary.

Question 38

what are 2 features of delusions seen in schizophrenia and what do they mean?

Answer 38

passivity - the idea that someone else is controlling your thoughts thought alienation - there's an external agency messing with your thoughts

Question 39

what are some examples of abnormal behaviour seen in schizophrenia?

Answer 39

disorganised behavior such as wandering aimlessly, mumbling or laughing to self, strange appearance, self-neglect or appearing unkempt

Question 40

what is a key feature of schizophrenia?

Answer 40

formal thought disorder - this is when you say words but none of what you say makes any logical sense

Question 41

define formal thought disorder?

Answer 41

Failing to follow the semantic and syntactic rules of language

Question 42

what are some treatment options for schizophrenia?

Answer 42

Antipsychotics Psychological therapies Family therapy Arts therapies

Question 43

what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 43

apathy social withdrawal poor self-care

Question 44

what is meant by syncope

Answer 44

fainting/passing out

Question 45

what are the 4 major features of schizophrenia?

Answer 45

1. delusions 2. disorganised speech 3. hallucinations 4. negative symptoms

Question 46

what are delusions seen in schizophrenia often described as?

Answer 46

persecutory (feel that someone is gonna harm them) and bizarre

Question 47

what are 2 examples of disorganised speech?

Answer 47

1. neologisms 2. formal thought disorder

Question 48

what is meant by neologisms

Answer 48

when you make new words/phrases

Question 49

what are the 2 major categories of hallucinations you can get in schizophrenia?

Answer 49

- 2nd person hallucinations - 3rd person hallucinations

Question 50

what is meant by 2nd person hallucinations?

Answer 50

hear a voice that speaks directly to you

Question 51

what is 3rd person hallucinations?

Answer 51

when you hear voices talking about yourself e.g shes a bad person