1.A - patterns of global migration

Question 1

population change definition

Answer 1

the balance of the number being born (birth rate) and the number dying (death rate); the number moving in (immigration) and the number moving out (emigration)

Question 2

net migration definition

Answer 2

difference between the number of people moving permanently into an area and out of that area

Question 3

immigration definition

Answer 3

in-migration of people into a country, which involves a permanent change of residence

Question 4

emigration

Answer 4

out-migration of people from a country, which involves permanent change of residence

Question 5

refugees definition

Answer 5

a person who has moved outside the country of their nationality or usual domicile because of genuine fear of persecution or death

Question 6

asylum seekers definition

Answer 6

a person who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee

Question 7

economic migrant definition

Answer 7

a person who moves from another country, region or place, involving a permanent or semi-permanent change of residence, to improve their standard of living or job opportunities

Question 8

inter-regional migrant flows definition

Answer 8

migration of large numbers of people between different regions of the world e.g. Europe to N America

Question 9

intra-regional migrant flows definition

Answer 9

migration of large numbers of people within a region

Question 10

illegal migration definition

Answer 10

migration with no government permission, no documentation which usually limits rights to work

Question 11

source countries definition

Answer 11

countries from which migrants leave

Question 12

host countries definition

Answer 12

countries into which migrants arrive

Question 13

push factors definition

Answer 13

negative attributes of a migrants place of origin which force a migrant to leave

Question 14

pull factors definition

Answer 14

positive attributes of a place which attracts migrants

Question 15

migrant remittances definition

Answer 15

money transferred from 1 country to another, sent home by migrants to their family, friends and community

Question 16

diasporas definition

Answer 16

the spread of an ethnic or national group from their homeland e.g. Jews from Israel or Kurds from Kurdistan

Question 17

whats the difference between inter and intra regional flows?

Answer 17

inter = between
intra = within

Question 18

key idea surrounding population change

Answer 18

• in any one place, population change is a balance of 4 processes: BIRTHS vs DEATHS lead to NATURAL CHANGE and either NATURAL INCREASE or DECREASE
• immigration vs emmigration leads to MIGRATIONAL CHANGE - NET GAIN vs NET LOSS

Question 19

what is net migration?

Answer 19

number of immigrants - number of emigrants

Question 20

what is the migrant system?

Answer 20

DYNAMIC.
- flows of people change in number, direction of movement, demographic and ethnic composition

Question 21

what has happened to migrant numbers during C21st?

Answer 21

• there has been a growth in numbers of migrants during C21st
• with just over 3% of the global population living outside their country of origin

Question 22

what is one of the problems with migration numbers?

Answer 22

• getting accurate, uniform, reliable statistics
• many migrants move illegally and are not officially registered

Question 23

how can the migration increase be explained?

Answer 23

• the increase can be explained, in part, by the globalisation process which makes it easier for people to learn about and have contact with other places…
• so increasing their desire to move…
• and also through innovations in, and reduced costs of, transport it has been easier to move between countries

Question 24

what are the reasons/causes for migration?

Answer 24

causes of migration are diverse.
- some migrants are voluntary and make a choice, usually for economic or family based reasons.
- others are forced to migrate for political or cultural reasons (refugees and asylum seekers)

Question 25

what are the key areas of migration?

Answer 25

- USA, Canada, Australia, UK, South Africa, Turkey *(places with strong economies and infrastructure to support immigrants)* - lots of movement into Middle East for economic work e.g. Qatar - Syria is the largest place of emmigration (4.5 mill) due to war - lots of movement within Europe (dont have to travel over water = easier)

Question 26

what is TREND 1 of migration, with evidence and explanation?

Answer 26

**Many migrants are intra-regional** Evidence: 1.2 mill people moving within central and East Asia Explanation: - linguistic similarities - shared cultures - closer/less obstacles - rural to urban - conflict

Question 27

what are the strengths and weaknesses of this data presentation?

Answer 27

- shows general patterns quite clearly - no actual statistics - generalised -> not showing realistic pictures as most countries will have immigration and emigration - doesn't show regional disparities - impossible to tell how many migrants

Question 28

what is TREND 2 of migration, with evidence and explanation?

Answer 28

**inter-regional migration is often short distance, to neighbouring regions** Evidence: - south asia to western asia about 4 mill Explanation: - people dont have the money to go much further afield - looking for safety, not jobs - dont have to cross large bodies of water

Question 29

what is TREND 3 of migration, with evidence and explanation?

Answer 29

**the most significant destination for international migrants is Europe** Evidence: - roughly 9 mill going into Europe (larger than any other area in the world) Explanation: - economically stable - dont have to cross large bodies of water - safe and peaceful/developed - former colonial links (e.g. Portugal and brazil) - easy to move within EU one youre in (freedom of movement)

Question 30

what is lee's model?

Answer 30

obstacles could include: - mountains - sea - borders - rivers - distance - language - political differences - religion **the destination has to be more positive than the origin** - human factors = temporal variation (will change over time)

Question 31

5 global migration statistics

Answer 31

1. **280.6 million** global migrants in 2020 (4% of world pop) 2. women represented **70 mill** (42%) of all international migrants (**increase of 26%** over last decade) 3. top five remittance recieving countries in 2020 were: India, China, Mexico, the Philippines and Eygpt 4. they recieved **$250 billion** in total 5. in 2020, **35.5 million** of total migrants were children under 18