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GEOGRAPHY - Global Migration > 1.A - patterns of global migration > Flashcards

1.A - patterns of global migration Flashcards

1
Q

population change definition

A

the balance of the number being born (birth rate) and the number dying (death rate); the number moving in (immigration) and the number moving out (emigration)

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2
Q

net migration definition

A

difference between the number of people moving permanently into an area and out of that area

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3
Q

immigration definition

A

in-migration of people into a country, which involves a permanent change of residence

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4
Q

emigration

A

out-migration of people from a country, which involves permanent change of residence

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5
Q

refugees definition

A

a person who has moved outside the country of their nationality or usual domicile because of genuine fear of persecution or death

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6
Q

asylum seekers definition

A

a person who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee

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7
Q

economic migrant definition

A

a person who moves from another country, region or place, involving a permanent or semi-permanent change of residence, to improve their standard of living or job opportunities

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8
Q

inter-regional migrant flows definition

A

migration of large numbers of people between different regions of the world e.g. Europe to N America

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9
Q

intra-regional migrant flows definition

A

migration of large numbers of people within a region

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10
Q

illegal migration definition

A

migration with no government permission, no documentation which usually limits rights to work

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11
Q

source countries definition

A

countries from which migrants leave

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12
Q

host countries definition

A

countries into which migrants arrive

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13
Q

push factors definition

A

negative attributes of a migrants place of origin which force a migrant to leave

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14
Q

pull factors definition

A

positive attributes of a place which attracts migrants

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15
Q

migrant remittances definition

A

money transferred from 1 country to another, sent home by migrants to their family, friends and community

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16
Q

diasporas definition

A

the spread of an ethnic or national group from their homeland e.g. Jews from Israel or Kurds from Kurdistan

17
Q

whats the difference between inter and intra regional flows?

A

inter = between
intra = within

18
Q

key idea surrounding population change

A
  • in any one place, population change is a balance of 4 processes: BIRTHS vs DEATHS lead to NATURAL CHANGE and either NATURAL INCREASE or DECREASE
  • immigration vs emmigration leads to MIGRATIONAL CHANGE - NET GAIN vs NET LOSS
19
Q

what is net migration?

A

number of immigrants - number of emigrants

20
Q

what is the migrant system?

A

DYNAMIC.
- flows of people change in number, direction of movement, demographic and ethnic composition

21
Q

what has happened to migrant numbers during C21st?

A
  • there has been a growth in numbers of migrants during C21st
  • with just over 3% of the global population living outside their country of origin
22
Q

what is one of the problems with migration numbers?

A
  • getting accurate, uniform, reliable statistics
  • many migrants move illegally and are not officially registered
23
Q

how can the migration increase be explained?

A
  • the increase can be explained, in part, by the globalisation process which makes it easier for people to learn about and have contact with other places…
  • so increasing their desire to move…
  • and also through innovations in, and reduced costs of, transport it has been easier to move between countries
24
Q

what are the reasons/causes for migration?

A

causes of migration are diverse.
- some migrants are voluntary and make a choice, usually for economic or family based reasons.
- others are forced to migrate for political or cultural reasons (refugees and asylum seekers)

25
Q

what are the key areas of migration?

A
  • USA, Canada, Australia, UK, South Africa, Turkey (places with strong economies and infrastructure to support immigrants)
  • lots of movement into Middle East for economic work e.g. Qatar
  • Syria is the largest place of emmigration (4.5 mill) due to war
  • lots of movement within Europe (dont have to travel over water = easier)
26
Q

what is TREND 1 of migration, with evidence and explanation?

A

Many migrants are intra-regional

Evidence:
1.2 mill people moving within central and East Asia

Explanation:
- linguistic similarities
- shared cultures
- closer/less obstacles
- rural to urban
- conflict

27
Q

what are the strengths and weaknesses of this data presentation?

A
  • shows general patterns quite clearly
  • no actual statistics
  • generalised -> not showing realistic pictures as most countries will have immigration and emigration
  • doesn’t show regional disparities
  • impossible to tell how many migrants
28
Q

what is TREND 2 of migration, with evidence and explanation?

A

inter-regional migration is often short distance, to neighbouring regions

Evidence:
- south asia to western asia about 4 mill

Explanation:
- people dont have the money to go much further afield
- looking for safety, not jobs
- dont have to cross large bodies of water

29
Q

what is TREND 3 of migration, with evidence and explanation?

A

the most significant destination for international migrants is Europe

Evidence:
- roughly 9 mill going into Europe (larger than any other area in the world)

Explanation:
- economically stable
- dont have to cross large bodies of water
- safe and peaceful/developed
- former colonial links (e.g. Portugal and brazil)
- easy to move within EU one youre in (freedom of movement)

30
Q

what is lee’s model?

A

obstacles could include:
- mountains
- sea
- borders
- rivers
- distance
- language
- political differences
- religion

the destination has to be more positive than the origin

  • human factors = temporal variation (will change over time)
31
Q

5 global migration statistics

A
  1. 280.6 million global migrants in 2020 (4% of world pop)
  2. women represented 70 mill (42%) of all international migrants (increase of 26% over last decade)
  3. top five remittance recieving countries in 2020 were: India, China, Mexico, the Philippines and Eygpt
  4. they recieved $250 billion in total
  5. in 2020, 35.5 million of total migrants were children under 18

GEOGRAPHY - Global Migration (6 decks)

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