1.Cells, structure and function Flashcards
AOS1 Outcome 1 (46 cards)
3 Parts of Cell Theory
- Cells are the basic functional and structural unit of life
- All cells come from pre existing cells
- All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells
name 5 cells you may find in humans
Red blood cells
White blood cells
T helper cells
muscle cells
Natural killer cells
dendrite cells
B cell
liver cells
Labels for prokaryotic cells
(peptidoglycan) cell wall
plasma cell membrane
cytosol
70’s ribosomes
single circular chromosome
plasmid
mesosome
flagellum
pilli
labels for animal cells
plasma cell membrane
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
transport vesicle
Golgi apparatus
secretory vesicle
mitochondrion
cytosol
80’s ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
centrosomes and (centrioles)
label for planet cells
cellulose cell wall
plasma cell membrane
mitochondrion
chloroplast
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
large permanent vacuole
secretory vesicle
Golgi apparatus
transport vesicle
80’s ribosomes
cytosol
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Endosymbiosis Theory
States that membrane bound organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplast were once there own prokaryotic cell until they were engulfed by a larger prokaryotic cell, the membrane bound organelles grew dependent on these larger cells leading to a symbiotic relationship and to what we know now as eukaryotic cells.
Evidence for endosymbiotic theory
Size
Own DNA genome
Bacterial ribosomal RNA
Double membrane
Prokaryotic cell vs Eukaryotic cell
lacks nucleus vs nucleus
lacks membrane bound organelles vs membrane bound organelles
only 70’s ribosomes vs both 70’s and 80’s ribosomes
single circular chromosome vs multiple linear chromosomes
No introns present in DNA vs Introns present in DNA
Plasmids vs lack of plasmids
Where is the genetic material found in Eukaryotic cells
The Nucleus
Where is the genetic material found in Prokaryotic cells
(In cytosol)
single circular chromosome
plasmid
what is a polymer
Polymers are many repeating monomers joined together
what makes up a nucleotide
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group function
-responsible for the negative charge of DNA
-contains phosphorus and oxygen
Condensation Polymerisation reaction
The chemical elimination of water during the formation of polymers.
-requires energy input t/f endergonic and anabolic
Elements in nucleic acids
CHONP
Different nitrogenous bases and the groups
The purines: Adenine and Guanine (AG)
The pyrimidines: Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Rules for complementary base pairing
IN DNA:
Adenine will bind only to thymine
Cytosine will bind only to guanine
In RNA:
Adenine will bind only to uracil
Cytosine will bind only to guanine
DNA vs RNA
Double stranded vs single stranded
Thymine vs uracil
deoxyribose sugar vs ribose sugar
(note can’t mention the ‘double vs single strand’ if comparing nucleotides)
Organelle definiton
An organelle is a sub cellular structure that has a specific functions
-phospholipid bilayer surrounds organelle -hence, membrane bound.
Nucleus Function
-which cells
-Contains DNA that controls cellular functions by coding for proteins
-transcribes DNA into mRNA
-In plant and animal cells
Mitochondrion function
-which cells
site of aerobic cellular function (Krebs cycle and electron transport chain)
-In plant and animal cells
Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur in prokaryotes
mesosome
Ribosome function
-which cells
-Site of protein synthesis
-translates mRNA code into a polypeptide
-found in all cells (70’s and/or 80’s)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum function
-which cells
Folds and Transports polypeptides into transport vesicles.
-found in eukaryotic cells
