1chemical formulae, equations and calculations and ionic bonding Flashcards
(43 cards)
rfm =
ram (thing under the element on periodic table)
moles =
mass / rfm
percentage yield =
(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100
molecular formula
the formula that shows the number and type of each atom in a molecule
empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in one molecule or formula unit of the compound
organic molecules often have different
molecular and empirical formulas
the formula of an ionic compound is always
an empirical formula
empirical formula gives
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound
an ion is
an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons
the loss or gain of electrons takes place to
obtain a full outer shell of electrons
negative ions are called
anions and form when atoms gain electrons- meaning they have more electrons than protons
positive ions are called
cations and form when atoms lose electrons- meaning they have more protons than electrons
all metals lose electrons to
become positively charged ions
all non metals gain electrons
from other atoms to become negatively charged ions
how do deduce the charge of an ion
- Find the number of electrons in the outer electron shell
- Find out if it is easy for the atom to gain electron or to donate electron (in most cases atoms that have fewer than four electrons, donate electrons and atoms that have more than 4 electrons, receive electrons)
atoms that gain electrons become
negatively charged and atoms that donate electrons form positive ions
charge/formula of group 1 metals
1+
charge/formula of group 2 metals
2+
charge/formula of group 3 metals
3+
charge/formula of silver
Ag+
charge/formula of copper (II)
Cu2+
charge/formula of iron (II)
Fe2+
charge/formula of iron (III)
Fe3+
charge/formula of lead
Pb2+
