1D - Movement Analysis Flashcards
What is the Fulcrum?
The fixed point/axis.
What is the Load?
Weight or resistance the lever must move (from gravity).
What is the Effort?
The force required to move the load (referred to as ‘force’)
What does a 1st class lever look like?
Fulcrum in the middle, load and effort either side.
What does a 2nd class lever look like?
Load in the middle, Effort and fulcrum either side.
What does a 3rd class lever look like?
Effort in the middle, fulcrum and load either side.
Define Mechanical advantage
Measures the efficiency of a lever. This can be high or low.
Define Load arm
The distance from the load to the fulcrum.
What is a high mechanical advantage?
Can move large loads with low effort. Happens when effort arm is longer than load arm.
What is a low mechanical advantage?
Cannot lift heavy loads even with same amount of effort as a 2nd class lever. Happens when load arm is longer than effort arm.
What is the mechanical advantages of 1st, 2nd, 3rd levers?
1st - Have a high M.A if fulcrum is closer to the load. Have low M.A if fulcrum is closer to effort.
2nd - Always have high M.A i.e like a wheelbarrow.
3rd - Always have low M.A but can produce larger range of movement with lower effort.
1 2 3 =
F L E
What is a plane?
An imaginary line that splits the body in two.
What is an Axis?
An imaginary straight line/pole around which the body rotates.
What is the Frontal Plane?
Divides the body into front and back halves-sideways movement. e.g Cartwheel/sidesteps
What is the Transverse plane?
Divides body in half horizontally- Rotational movement e.g 360 degrees spin.
What is the Sagittal Plane?
Runs forwards and backwards and divides body into left and right halves- Forwards and back movement e.g. somersault.
What is the Sagittal Axis?
Runs horizontally through body, back to front through belly- Sideways movement e.g Cartwheel
What is the Transverse Axis?
Runs horizontally throughout the body from left to right through hips- Rotational movement e.g Sommersault.
What is the Longitudinal Axis?
Runs through body, head to toe- Forwards and back movement e.g 360 degree spin.
How can mechanical advantage be worked out?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ resistance arm
What is a Lever?
A rigid bar that turns around an axis to cause movement.
Define Effort arm
The distance from the effort to the fulcrum.
Example of 1st class lever?
Elbow Extension
