1ST MIDTERM Flashcards

(119 cards)

1
Q

● is one of the crucial prerequisites to start any business.

A

Finance

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2
Q

● Involves strategically planning, organizing, directing, and controlling an organization’s

A

Financial Management

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3
Q

governed by the principle that it must protect the financial interest of the investors and shareholders and ensure business growth.

A

Financial Management Scope

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4
Q

Financial Managers need to evaluate factors such as the cost of current and fixed assets, cost of marketing, need for butter capital, long-term operations, and human resources cost, etc.

A

Assessing Capital Needs

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5
Q

Is the framework that determines decisions such as debt-equity ratio in the short as well long-term.

A

Determination of Capital Structure

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6
Q

There is a need to frame efficient financial policies that govern cash control, the lending and borrowing processes, and so on.

A

Creation of Effective Financial Policies

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7
Q

Great Financial managers are able to navigate through different scenarios by making optimum use of the available financial resources.

A

Resource Optimization

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8
Q

For any business to grow confidently and have a good market reputation, an adequate amount of cash and liquidity is critical.

A

Fundraising

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9
Q

Smart fund allocation is as critical to a business’ financial health as fund-raising itself.

A

Fund Allocation

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10
Q

It determines its financial health and future growth.

A

Profit Planning

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11
Q

Good financial managers have to be well-versed with the capital market dynamics, and the risks associated.

A

Understanding Capital Markets

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12
Q

Determines a company’s mix of debt and equity financing.

A

Capital Structure

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13
Q

Involves evaluating long-term investments.

A

Capital Budgeting

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14
Q

Mitigating financial health risks by balancing current assets with liabilities.

A

Working Capital Management

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15
Q

Involves creating disbursement policies and strategies.

A

Dividend Management

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16
Q

● Guides companies through strategic processes, ensuring stability and growth.

A

Financial Managent Cycle

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17
Q

Includes analyzing past data to set financial goals.

A

Planning and Budgeting

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18
Q

Assigns value to capital resources, aligning funds with company goals.

A

Resource Allocation

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19
Q

Tracking transactions, and reducing fraud risks.

A

Operations and Monitoring

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20
Q

Focuses on analyzing financial performance by comparing it to previous periods.

A

Evaluation and Reporting

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21
Q

are in charge of financial reporting and the oversight of the accounting activities necessary to develop those reports.

A

Controllers

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22
Q

may be responsible for structuring loan and debt obligation and determining when and from whom to borrow funds.

A

Treasurer

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23
Q

is an executive level position and oversees the activities of the controller and treasurer.

A

Vice President of Finance (VP-F)

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24
Q

is in a “big picture” position.

A

Chief Financial Officers (CFO)

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25
● Allows a firm to understand the past, present and future funding needs and distributions required to satisfy all interested parties. - Need to be experts in analyzing financial statements
Financial Planning
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● It uses past, current, and pro forma (forward-looking) income statements.
Good Financial Planning
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estimated the timing and magnitude of actual cash flows available to meet financial obligations.
Cash Flow Statements
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- a document - are critical for demonstrating the sources and uses of funds for a firm.
Balance Sheets
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- in the form of expected sales, cost of funds, and microeconomic and macroeconomic conditions are essential elements of financial planning. - becomes the process for adapting to those changes.
Forecasting
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including ratio analysis, common size financial statements, and trend statements are important aspects of financial planning.
Financial Analysis
31
- can help identify the differences or variance from expectations - road map
Budgeting
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One of the financial roles pertaining to raising funds for the business operations.
Corporate Finance Roles
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Handle financial restructuring of companies
Investment Banking Roles
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It is an advanced field that requires sound knowledge of mathematics
Portfolio Management
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Has crucial part of financial sectors operations
Risk Management
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Banks are the key enabler
Commercial Banking Sector
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Companies also employ managers and financial administrators to handle various procedures and regulations
Compliance and Internal Financial Management
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both contain valuable information relating to various fiscal topics
Financial Statements and Financial Reports
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these reports cover the pull scope
Quarterly or Annual Reports
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these reports compromise information
External Reports
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these reports allow the public to oversee government institution's financial health
Government Reports
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a note that listing several financial statements
Financial notes
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these statements formal record of specific types of information relating to a business's finances
Finance Statements
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these statements that measures the long-term profitability
Income Statements
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these statements how cash flowing in and out
Cash Flow Statements
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these statements provide information about any change
Statement of Changes in Equity
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3 sections in a balance sheet
Assets, Liability, and Equity
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Formula of Balance Sheet
Owner's Equity = Assets - Liability
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are assets your business plan to keep for a short period of time
Current Assets
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are assets your business plan to keep for a long period of time
Fixed assets (non-current assets)
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are assets you can't touch
Intangible Assets
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information or process that set your business apart from others
Intellectual Property
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formally registered concepts that bring value to your business
Trademarks and Patents
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are usually things you will pay for during the next 12 months
Current Liabilities
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are thing that you will not pay for
Non-Current Liabilities
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also called shareholder's equity companies
Owner's Equity
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money has time value
Concept and Significance of Time Value of Money
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Outflows of cash are in our control as payments but there is no certainty for future cash flows
Risk and Uncertainty
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the money you receive today has more purchasing power than the money to be received in the future
Inflation
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taking the money today is probably the best bet
Investment Opportunities
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Formula of Time Value of Money (Future Value)
FV = PV / P (1 + i )t
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Individuals prefer current consumption to the future consumption
Consumption
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Formula of Time Value of money (Present Value)
PV = FV / (1 + i )t
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what you have or you need in today
Present Value of Money
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amount money you'll have in the future
Future Value of Money
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present value of future sum of money is LOWER
Higher Discount Rate
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present value of future sum of money is HIGHER
Lower Discount Rate
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earning interest grows in each compounding period
compounding interest
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a timeline illustrates cash flows in an investments period
Cash Flow Timeline
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forecasting future investment returns helps individuals make informed decisions
Strategic Investment Planning
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any stream of cash flows indexed at the same point equals the sum of the present values of the cash flows
Cash Flow Additivity Principle
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present value is a crucial tool for evaluating risk and making risk-adjusted
Risk Mitigation
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involve using PV to assess different assets and balance portfolios for growth
Diversification and Portfolio Optimization
64
making time a valuable asset in wealth-building
Time Management
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by discounting expected future cash flows
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
66
calculate how much a single deposit will grow over time with compound interest
Future Value (FV)
67
is a series of fixed, periodic payments or received in the future, either immediately or after a delay
Annuities
67
calculations are used to understand how much future amounts are worth today and adjust financial decisions accordingly
Present Value (PV)
68
allow investments in options like mutuals funds with returns based on performance
Variable Annuity
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guarantees a minimum interest rate and fixed payments
Fixed Annuity
69
tied to a stock market index combining securities and insurance features
Indexed Annuity
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covers insurance risk and commissions
Mortality and Expense Risk Charge
70
payments at the beginning
Annuity Due
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payments at the end
Ordinary Annuity
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charges for second keeping
Administrative Fees
73
fees for mutual funds within the annuity
Underlying Fund Expenses
74
verify your broker or adviser if she/he is registered and review mutual fund documents before investing
Avoiding Fraud
74
provides a way to value infinite cash flow, either constant or growing
Perpetuity
75
early withdrawal before age 59 1/2 may have 10% IRS penalty plus regular income taxes
Penalties
76
Flat Perpetuity Formula
PV = c / r
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is the simplest and it is straightforward as it doesn't include terminal value
Flat Perpetuity
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this type accounts for cash flows that increase at a constant rate g indefinitely
Growing Perpetuity
77
Growing Perpetuity Formula
PV = c / (r - g)
78
required individual discounting to find the total present value
Uneven Cash Flows
79
it can help borrowers identify lenders offering lower rates
Comparing Interest rates
80
breaks down loans into manageable payments but total cost can vary based on the term and rate
Amortization
81
higher prices usually mean higher monthly payments
Purchase Price
82
the higher the rate, the more you will pay in interest
Interest Rate
83
a longer-term result in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid
Loan Term
84
is the decrease in an assets value over time
Depreciation
85
reward you receive
return
86
may pay a sum of money to the investor from time to time
income
87
may increase in value
capital gain
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how much money you have gained or lost form an investment over a certain period
calculation of return
90
Simple Return Formula
Return = End Value - Beginning Value x 100
90
this is the basic way to calculate
simple return or total return
91
it adjusts the return to show it would have been over one year
Annualized Return
92
Annualized Return Formula
Annualized Return = (End Value / Beginning Value) (number of years) - 1
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uncertainty in how much money you'll actually make compared to what you expected to make
Concept of Risk
94
firm anticipates earning from assets over some future period
Expected Return
95
past return that was earned by the firm
Realized Return
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