1st Midterm Flashcards

Question

Policy of “disregarding” Islam

Answer 1

Idea advocated by numerous members of the Russian monarchy. The idea was that Islam would wither if ignored by the state. Russian officials (at least the ones highest up in the chain of command) advocated this approach of tolerance. Most likely, they did not want to stir up the “fanatical” natives.

Answer 2

13. Russian Patronage of hajj Here, the Russians actually supported Islam by making hajj a Russian policy, contradicting their general plan of ignoring Islam. Patronage was for several reasons: 1) It allowed them to better monitor the Muslim population, 2) world health was a major concern especially because of cholera outbreaks, 3) Russia looked better when they gave their citizens better traveling conditions.

Answer 3

1892 Tashkent Cholera Riot Really, it was less of a riot and more like a protest. The people were upset mainly because they were not allowed to bury their dead in the socially appropriate manner because of anticholera policies. The people were chasing the city’s native representative to the Russian government in order to prevent him from reporting an unsanctioned burial. They went back to the Russian building, messed up a couple of papers regarding anticholera policies, and tried to get the Russian official Putintsev to sign a document repealing these policies. In the end, Russian peasant chased away the Tashkent group, killing around 80 people and dumping their bodies in the river. Troops were sent in to calm the area, native Tashkent people charged and executed for causing trouble, Putintsev also executed, and Russian officials in St. Petersburg repealed the anticholera policies, limiting their interference in private affairs.

Answer 4

A group of Muslims that wanted to reform Islam in Central Asia, particularly through the education system. They believed that modernizing Central Asia (“keeping up with the times”) was the duty of a good Muslim. In a way, their beliefs were like a protestant form of Islam. They believed that everyone was responsible for reading and knowing the Quran and that certain practices (e.g. friends of God/sufism) common at the time actually contradicted the Quran, and they sought to make their communities more technologically advanced and thereby less susceptible to outside influences. Nevertheless, they did not want to recede from the Russian Empire but rather sought more active participation, particularly through the Dumas.

Answer 5

A Jadid who wrote a fictional conversation between an ulama and a well versed English man. His goal was partly to emphasize how backward he felt the Central Asian community was compared to other nations. The ineffectiveness of the ulama in the story suggests a pointed criticism of the effectiveness of Muslim leaders in the community

Answer 6

This is the first of two revolutions that drastically changed the course of Russian history in the early 20th century. In this revolution, the Russian Empire dissolved, the line of Romanovs ended, and Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his throne. It started during a Women’s Day march in St. Petersburg when women were protesting bread shortages and men who were on strike joined them. A provisional government was set up shortly afterwards by liberals and socialists.

Answer 7

. This is the second of the two revolutions. It is also known as the “Red Uprising” or “Bolshevik Revolution” because it was led by Bolshevik leader Vladmir Lenin. This time, the provisional government was overthrown, but the coup set off a devastating civil war.

Answer 8

n Famine resulted when the government was in turmoil and food could not be shipped quickly enough to Turkestan, which had grown to rely on the outside for food. A bad drought had ruined the food crop for the year, and cotton production used up some of the land that could have been used for food instead.

Answer 9

Not really bandits. Groups of Central Asian peasants protecting their community during the chaos of the Russian Revolution.

Answer 10

21. Bukharan People’s Republic Government run by Young Bukharans that was established with the help of the Bolshevik’s Red Army after the amir was expelled from power.

Answer 11

Organization of young Buhkaran Jadids who sought reform and the rights declared in Russia during the time of the Russian Revolution. They organized against the amir of Bukhara who persecuted them for resistance. By forming ties with the Bolsheviks, the Young Bukharans were able to take power with the help of the Red Army forming a “people’s soviet republic”.

Answer 12

The soviet government still saw Central Asia as a backwards country.

Answer 13

On acquiring the lands of Central Asia, the Soviet Union deployed the strategy of assimilation via indigenization. This process emphasized the importance of native ethnic groups’ involvement in Sovietized institutions, namely governmental and educational systems. The Soviets saw indigenization as a way to “fight backwardness” by placing the power of restructuring and socializing these new Soviet nations into the hands of the natives, or more specifically, the native elites.

Answer 14

This is how the Soviets described their government. As Russia to them was the bringer of Socialism to the world. However the people of central Asian Russia did not care for their movement, to them it was more of “socialist in form, national in content”.

Answer 15

The Russian empire wanted the nomads to become sedentary in order to create a more stable economy in central Asia, rewards were given to those nomads and hunters/gathers who did become sedentary. Nomads were called children, semi-nomadic called young adults, sedentary were adults.

Answer 16

These forward looking Soviet officials supported a "double assimilation": citizens were assimilated into nations at the same time that they were assimilated into the Soviet Union.

Answer 17

The government’s assigning land and resources to certain ethnic groups. However, defining an ethnic group was difficult at best, even with the help of ethnographers on the ground. In the end, it seems to have inspired more nationalistic feelings than was acceptable in Communist ideology. The defined ethnic groups began to compete for resources, and minorities in mixed communities suffered strife at the hands of the empowered majority groups. In short, resources was tied with “ethnicity”.

Answer 18

One of the new states created in the process of national delimitation of Soviet Central Asia in October 1924 was the Soviet Tajikistan within the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR as an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR) – one rank below aSoviet Socialist Republic in USSR geopolitical hierarchy. The new autonomous republic included what had been eastern Bukhara

1st Midterm Flashcards

(42 cards)