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Anthropology 101 > 1st Midterm > Flashcards

1st Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Nanook is a food producer.

A

False; He’s a hunter-gatherer

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2
Q

Nomadic

A

*go from one place to another

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3
Q

Women Hunters

A
  • are good, but have to give birth and take care of kids

* losing a male hunter is better than losing a woman because they reproduce

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4
Q

Hunter-Gatherers

A

*Constant feast and family causes health issues

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5
Q

Linguistics

A

*language changes over time

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6
Q

Culture

A

*expressed w/ language

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7
Q

Archeologists

A

*studying living peoples, or peoples of the past

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8
Q

Culture-Bound

A

*putting your culture on hold and trying to mesh into another

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9
Q

Ethnography

A

*personal observations (first hand)

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10
Q

Unaltered Fossil

A

*hasn’t changed significantly

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11
Q

Fossil Locality

A

*where fossils are found

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12
Q

Artifact

A

*shaped/fashioned by humans

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13
Q

Fossil

A

*impression or trace of humans

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14
Q

Altered Fossil

A

*altered by replacement over time

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15
Q

Soil Marks

A

*stains that show up on the surface (mountains)

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16
Q

Grid System

A

*record/control data

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17
Q

Flotation

A

*fine particles (using soil + water)

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18
Q

Stratified

A

*layered

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19
Q

Site

A

*a place where human activity occurred

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20
Q

Datum Point

A
  • fixed reference point

* measure from datum point

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21
Q

Technology

A

*stone age use stone tools, comparing different stages of our development

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22
Q

Relative

A

*one object is older or younger relative to another

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23
Q

Absolute

A

*give number/date (writing)

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24
Q

Stratigraphy

A

*most recent layers are on top if no geological change: layers

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25
Radiocarbon Dating (C-14)
* w/in 50,000 years, organic material * measure amount of C14 left in material * 15 beta particles/minute * 1/2 life= 5730 years
26
Flourine
* dating technique based on bones * amount of fluorine picked up by bone from ground water * *specific to area
27
Dendrochronology
* "tree time" | * 5,000 years and area specific
28
Palynology
* look at pollens * virtually indestructible determine where they came from * *no pollen= older
29
Potassium Argon (K-Ar)
* has 1/2 life (1.3 billion years) | * volcanic rock
30
Amino Acid Racemization
* ration of amino acids * the way they bend (left or right) * found in eggs 40,000-180,000
31
Electron Spin Resonance
* about 200,000 years | * measures electrons in bones
32
Taphonomy
* anything from death to discovery and vice versa | * *process
33
Baobob Tree
*uses Carbon 14 not dendrochronology
34
Dating Techniques
*don't tell age
35
Primate Order
*shared common ancestry
36
Genes
*responsible for traits
37
DNA
*strand of genes
38
Chromosome
*where DNA is stored in nucleus
39
Alleles
*variations/alternate forms of genes
40
Mitosis
* cellular division * offspring cells replicate parents * 23 pairs
41
Meiosis
* sex cell division | * 23 singles and 4 doubles
42
Homozygous
*chromosome pair w/ same alleles
43
Heterozygous
*chromosome pair w/ different alleles
44
Dominant
*masks presence of recessiveness
45
Recessive
*masked by dominant
46
Phenotype
*physical observable appearance
47
Genotype
*genetic make-up
48
Polygenetic Inheritance
*2 or more genes working together (skin color)
49
Gene Pool
*all the genes
50
Evolution
*change over time
51
Mutation
* the source of new genetic variation | * (alteration of a gene that produces a new allele)
52
Genetic Drift
*chance change in allele frequency
53
Genetic Flow
*consistent travel of genes from 1 group to another
54
Natural Selection
* reproductive success | * passing gene off to offspring
55
Directional Selection
*change in a population's gene pool over time
56
Stabilizing Selection
*as long as everything is stable, they stay the same
57
Mutagens
*the ability to cause a mutation
58
Radiation
*has ability to cause mutations
59
Chemicals
*can be mutagenic | antibiotics
60
Temp Changes
*potential to cause mutations
61
Spontaneous
*randomly happen
62
Adaptation
*ability to change
63
Divergent Evolution
*branch off
64
Banobos
* have alpha female | * have sex all the time
65
Chimpanzee
*have alpha male
66
Convergent Evolution
*adapted
67
Species
*population stable of integrating
68
Race
*subpopulation of species, differing in some alleles from other people
69
Isolating Mechanisms
* barriers to having offspring | * (culture, geography, time)

Anthropology 101 (1 decks)

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