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1st parcial exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a map

A

A map is a model of all or part of earths surface

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2
Q

What is a globe

A

Is a sphere that represents Earth’s entire surface

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3
Q

What features are used in maps and globes to represent topography

A

They’re drawn to scale and the use symbols

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4
Q

Mapmakers use symbols for

A

To stand for features on earths surface

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5
Q

What is a maps key

A

Is a list of all the symbols used on the map with explanation of their meaning

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6
Q

What is the equator

A

Halfway between the north and south poles, the equator form an imaginary line that circle the earth

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7
Q

What is a hemisphere

A

Is one half of the sphere that makes up earths surface

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8
Q

What’sthe prime meridian

A

Another imaginary line, called the prime meridian, makes a half circle from the north pole to the south pole

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9
Q

How do scientist measure distances around a circle

A

With degree

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10
Q

What is latitude

A

The equator is the starting line for measuring latitude, or distance in degrees north to south of the equator

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11
Q

What is longitude

A

The distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian is called longitude

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12
Q

What are the two map projections called

A

Mercator and Equal area projection

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13
Q

What is a map projection

A

A map projection is a framework of lines that help show landmasses on a flat surface

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14
Q

What is a topographic map

A

Is a map showing the surface features of an area

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15
Q

What do mapmakers use to represent elevation, relief, and slopes on topographic maps

A

They use countour lines

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16
Q

What is a contour interval

A

The change in elevation from countour line to countour line

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17
Q

What is a mineral ?

A

A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a defnite chemical composition.

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18
Q

What characteristics do minerals have in common

A

Naturraly occuring

Inorganic

Solid

Crystal structure

Defnite chemical structure

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19
Q

What is an element

A

Is a substance composed of a single kind of atom

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20
Q

What happens in a compound

A

In a compound, two or more elements are combined so that the elements are combined so that the elements no longer have distinct properties.

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21
Q

What is a mixture

A

Unlike a compound a mixture something that consists of two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemicaly combined

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22
Q

How can you identify a mineral

A

You can identify it by :

Hardness: Scale that ranks from softness to hardest ( Mohs hardness )

color: Physical property

luster : How shiny it is

streak:The color of the mineral powder

density: Is the mass in a given space, or mass per unit volume

Crystal system

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23
Q

Difference between a fracture and a cleavage

A

Cleavage is a mineral that slipts easily

Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks

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24
Q

What are the processes that form minerals

A

In general, minerals can form in two ways; through crytallization of melted materials, and through crytalization of materials dissolved in water

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25
What is magma
Magma is molten material from the mantle that hardens to form rock
26
What is lava
Lava is magma that reaches the surface
27
How doe minerals form from magma
Minerals form as hot magma cools inside the crust, or as lava hardens on the surface
28
What is a solution
A solution is a mixture in wich one substance dissolves in another
29
How do minerals form from hot water solutions
The elements that form a mineral dissolve in hot water
30
What is a vein
A vein is a narrow channel or slab of a mineral that is much different from the surrounding rock.
31
How do minerals form by evaporation
Minerals can also form when solutions evaporate
32
What are the uses of minerals
Minerals are the source of metals, gem-stones, and other materials used to make many products
33
What are gemstones
A gemstone is a hard, colorful mineral that has a brilliant or glassy luster
34
Examples of metals ( minerals )
some minerals are the sources of metals suche as aluminum, iron, copper, or silver.
35
what is depression
A region of low atmosphere preasure
36
what is a countour line
A line on a map connecting the points on the land surface that have the same elevation
37
What do V-shaped contour lines represent
valleys, ravines, or gullies
38
What is a high hill top
The high point of a hill
39
What's an orchard
An orchard is a type of farm where fruits and nuts aregrown on trees and shrubs
40
What is a vivarium
Is an enclosed area for keeping and raising animal or plants
41
Whats compost made of
Its made out of organic material that include greens and browns
42
what products should we avoid to put in our compost
onion, garlic, plastic, pesticide, meat & dairy products
43
How are Igneous rocks made ?
They can be formed by lava and magma
44
Where are the igneous rocks found
Inside the earth and its surface
45
How do geologist classify rocks
They collect and study samples of rock in order to classify them
46
What do geologist observe when classifying rocks
Color & texture
47
What is texture
Is the size, shape, and pattern of the rocks grain
48
what are grains
A rocks grains give the rock its texture
49
How are igneus rocks classified
according to their origin, texture, and mineral composition
50
What is an extrusive rock
is an igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto earths surface
51
What is basalt
Is the most common extrusive rock
52
What is an intrusive rock ?
Is igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath earths surface
53
Whar is granite
Is the most abundant intrusive rock
54
What is the size of the crytstals between intrusive & extrusive rocks
Intrusive rocks have much larger crystals while extrusive rcks has small crystals
55
The texture of an igneous rock depends on what
Size and shape of its mineral crystals
56
What is silica
a material formed from oxygen silicon
57
Why are they called sedimentary
Because they're made of sediment
58
What'ts the process sediment follows to become a rock
Step 1 : erosion, occurs when runing water or wind loos and carry away the fragments of rock Step 2: deposition, is the process by wich sediments settles out of the water o wind carrying it step 3 : compaction, is the process that presses sediments together. Step 4 : cementation, is the process in wich iddsolved minerals crystalize and glue particles of sediment together
59
What are the different Sedimentary rocks
Classic rock a) shale b ) sandstone c ) canglomerat and breccia Oraganic rocks :a) coal b ) Limestone Chemical rocks : forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystlazie, limestone can form calcite when it disolves in lakes, seas, or underground
60
What uses do sedimentary rocks have ?
They can be used in many differen ways = as a building stone, in the production of lime, glass making, industrial carbon dioxide and cement
61
What are coral reefs
they are animals
62
Wich materials can be found in reefs
63
How are reefs formed
When coral animals die, their skeletons remain, and more corals form
64
What are the three types of coral reefs
Fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atols
65
Wich materials can be found in reefs
limestone
66
What are metamorphic rocks
Are rocks formbed by the modification of other pre-exisiting rocks inside the earth through a process called metamorphism
67
How do geologis classify metamorphic rocks ?
Geologis classify metamorphic rocks by the arrangement or the grains that make up the rocks
68
How do metamorphic rocks form
Heat and pressure deep beaneath the earths surface can change any rock into metamorphic rocks, metamorphic rocks can form out of igneus,sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks
69
Uses of metamorphic rocks
Quartzite and marble are the most commonly used metamorphic rocks. They are used for buildings and artworks, used for statues,decorative items aswell
70
What is topography
Is the shape of the earths surface
71
Areas in topography can be
Hilly,mountanious,flat, or sloping
72
How is the topography of an area determined
By the elevation, relief and landforms
73
What is elevation
Its the height above sea level
74
What is relief
Its the difference in elevattion between the highest and lowest parts of an area
75
What is a landform
Is a feature in topography formed by the process that shapes the earths surface
76
What is a landorm region
A landform reagion is a large area of land where the topography is similar
77
What are the 3 main types of landforms
Plains, mountain, and plateus
78
What is a plain
Landform with gently rolling land or low relief
79
What is a mountain
Landform with high elevation
80
What is a mountain range
Is a group of mountains that are closely related in shape, structure, and age
81
What is a plateu
A landform tha has hish elevation and more or less level surface
81
What is a plateu
A landform tha has hish elevation and more or less level surface
82
What are the 4 spheres
Lithosphere atmosphere hydrosphere biosphere
83
What is the lithosphere
earths rocky outer layer
84
What is the atmosphere
Earths air
85
What is the hydrosphere
earths water
86
What is the biosphere
were living things are
87
What is earths structure
Inner core : hot and liquid Outer core : Hot liquid outer core mantle: surrounds the core, its a thick layer crust: thin outer layer lithospere: part of upper mantle

Science (4 decks)

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