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Science 10 > 1st QT > Flashcards

1st QT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the earth

A

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere

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2
Q

the gaseous layer

A

Atmosphere

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3
Q

the liquid layer

A

Hydrosphere

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4
Q

the solid outer layer (the foundation)

A

Lithosphere

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5
Q

the life layer (all three layers combined)

A

Biosphere

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6
Q

Branch of geophysics which is concerned with the study of earthquakes

A

Seismology

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7
Q

device that measures earthquakes

A

seismograph

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8
Q

Vibrations generated by earthquakes

A

Seismic waves

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9
Q

Two types of seismic waves

A

Body waves

Surface waves

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10
Q

Two types of body waves

A 
P wave  (fast, weak)
S wave (slower stronger)
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11
Q

Two types of Surface waves

A 
Love wave (vertical and horizontal)
Rayleigh wave (side to side)
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12
Q

measures shaking in a certain location

A

Intensity

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13
Q

measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake

A

Magnitude

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14
Q

what are the two types of plates?

A

Oceanic

Continental

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15
Q

Oceanic x Continental converge =

A

oceanic trench

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16
Q

Oceanic x Oceanic converge =

A

volcanic islands (like the ph)

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17
Q

what are the types of plate boundaries?

A

Convergent

Divergent

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18
Q

convergent plates go…

A

toward each other

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19
Q

divergent plates go…

A

away from each other

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20
Q

Oceanic x Oceanic diverge =

A

Volcano

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21
Q

continental x continental diverge =

A

rift valleys + new seas

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22
Q

What are the layers of the earth

A

Crust
Mantle
Inner core
Outer core

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23
Q

Hard outer shell where living things are found

A

Crust

24
Q

the contents of the crust and its properties

A

Continental crust - Light, old

Oceanic crust - heavy (dense), young (recycled)

25
Q

the thickest layer of the earth with 2 layers

A

Mantle

26
Q

what is the mantle made of?

A

Iron
Calcium
Aluminum etc.

27
Q

where is magma found?

A

The mantle

28
Q

what is the boundary between the crust and the mantle?

A

Moho discontinuity

29
Q

what is the boundary between the mantle and the outer core?

A

Gutenberg discontinuity

30
Q

a ball of very hot metals with the presence of convection currents and generates the magnetic fields

A

Outer core

31
Q

produced by the flow of liquid iron generates electric currents

A

the earth’s magnetic field

32
Q

Has extremely high pressure and temperature making the materials in it solid

A

Inner core

33
Q

Force made in the outer core

A

Coriolis force

34
Q

is the study of the different processes that happened in Earth’s history.

A

Geology

35
Q

is a representation of the vertical location of rocks (oldest bottom, newest top)

A

Stratigraphic column

36
Q

what era did the humans appear?

A

cenozoic

37
Q

this era is the planet’s creation started and it ended with the emergence of complex, multicellular life-forms.

A

Precambrian Era

38
Q

when did Pangaea exist?

A

Paleozoic era/ during the Permian period

39
Q

when did Pangaea collapse?

A

Mesozoic era (triassic period)

40
Q

What were the proof that the continents drifted apart?

A

Outlines of countries fit
Identical fossils, rocks, mountain ranges in coastlines
Coal deposits and fossils found in Antarctica

41
Q

Large, rigid slab of rock

A

Plate

42
Q

States that the outermost layer of is divided into a dozen
more plates, which are moving relative to one another as
they ride atop hotter, more mobile material.

(Crust is divided into plates which are in constant motion.)

A

Theory of Plate Tectonics

43
Q

Stated that the Earth’s continents today originated

from a supercontinent which slowly drifted away.

A

Continental Drift Theory

44
Q

Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory?

A

Alfred Wegener

45
Q

Why was the Continental Drift Theory rejected?

A

because there was no concrete mechanism presented.

46
Q

What are the evidences of the Continental Drift Theory?

A

Jigsaw fit of continents

Similarity of fossils and rock types along coastlines

Continuity of geologic features from continent to continent

Coal deposits in Antarctica

47
Q

Fossils of this animal was found in South America and Africa

A

Mesosaurus

48
Q

Its remains was found in all continents

A

Glossopteris

49
Q

What does Sea Floor Spreading state?

A

Stated that hot rocks slowly rise and spread out. This
causes magma to ooze out, where it results to new
oceanic crust.

50
Q

Who proposed seafloor spreading?

A

Harry H. Hess

51
Q

Explain Sea Floor Spreading

A

Magma rises causing the sea floor to spread and the oceanic crust to go back under the earth, recycling the sea floor.

52
Q

Boundary where plates rub past each other sideways

A

Transform Boundary

53
Q

Types of Faults

A

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

Strike-slip Fault

54
Q

How was the Philippine Archipelago formed?

A

By volcanic eruptions

55
Q

Block moves down

A

Normal fault

56
Q

Block moves up

A

Reverse fault

57
Q

Blocks move horizontally

A

Strike slip fault

Science 10 (2 decks)

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