1st Quarter Flashcards
(30 cards)
What would be the effect of faulty carrier proteins on glucose transport?
Glucose uptake would decrease, impacting energy levels.
What happens if an enzyme’s active site denatures from high temperatures?
The enzyme can’t bind to the substrate, lowering activity.
Why do enzymes have an optimal temperature?
Optimal temperature ensures efficient substrate binding.
How would increasing aquaporins affect osmosis in a cell?
Water movement would increase, improving water balance.
How does the Golgi apparatus’s structure support protein modification and transport?
It has stacked sacs for protein modification and packaging.
How does the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) help in its functions?
The rough ER makes proteins, while the smooth ER detoxifies and synthesizes lipids.
How does the plasma membrane’s structure help it regulate the cell’s environment interaction?
The phospholipid bilayer and proteins control selective transport and cell signaling.
How do ribosomes in prokaryotic cells differ from those in eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller and less complex than eukaryotic ribosomes.
How is genetic material organized in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome in the nucleoid, while eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes in a nucleus.
A tissue is elastic and supports lungs and arteries. What is it?
Connective
What increases the surface area of intestinal lining for absorption?
Microvilli
What’s a key consideration for a therapy that restores cell cycle checkpoints in cancer cells?
Preventing uncontrolled cell growth by restoring checkpoints.
A cell can’t pass the G1 checkpoint. Why?
DNA is incomplete or damaged.
If a cell fails to repair DNA during G2, which phase is affected?
M phase, due to problems with chromosome segregation.
What role do microvilli play in intestinal cells?
Enhance nutrient absorption by increasing surface area.
Cells are not completing mitosis properly. What should be checked?
Spindle fiber formation and chromosome alignment.
What condition might arise if apoptosis is prevented in cells with DNA damage?
Tumors
What component forms the basic structure of the cell membrane and regulates permeability?
Phospholipid bilayer.
A plant shows wilting and dehydration. Which tissue is malfunctioning, and what’s its role?
Xylem; transports water.
Which plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis and contains chloroplasts?
Parenchyma
If a cell grows abnormally due to malfunctioning checkpoints, which phase should be corrected?
G1 phase, to enhance DNA damage assessment.
What effect would removing glycoproteins and glycolipids from the cell membrane have?
The cell would struggle with recognition and immune response.
Which interaction is most important for maintaining membrane fluidity?
Phospholipids and cholesterol maintain fluidity in different temperatures.
How do unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid bilayer help in cold environments?
By increasing fluidity, allowing the membrane to stay flexible.
