1ST QUIZ Flashcards
Memorize and Recall (120 cards)
1
Q
What is Psychology?
A
It is a scientific study of mind and behavior encompasses mental states, process, and behavior of human and animal both unconscious and conscious.
2
Q
Greek word “psyche’ means?
A
Soul
3
Q
“Ology” denotes?
A
Scientific study of
4
Q
Steps in Scientific Inquiry
A
- Defining the research problem
- Specifying research question/ constructing hypothesis
- Designing research method and procedure
- Gathering and Interpreting Data
- Constructing Conclusion and Recommendation
5
Q
Focused on the study and investigation of certain behavior with the application of one or a combination of scientific methods
A
Science of Psychology
6
Q
To study the mind, one has to associate the way of thinking of an individual to his behavior
A
Study of Behavior
7
Q
Behavior of a man or what runs in his mind
A
Study of Behavior
8
Q
Forms of cognition, ways of knowing man’s perception, attention, and capability to remember, to reason, and to solve problems
A
Mental Processes
9
Q
Dreams, fantasies, wishes, and anticipation
A
Mental Processes
10
Q
Response or action of an individual as a matter of psychological study
A
Behavior
11
Q
Actions and reactions of the individual when exposed or placed in a certain situation or environment
A
Behavior
12
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: behavior that is outwardly manifested
A
Overt
13
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: activities that are hidden
A
Covert
14
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are within the level of one’s awareness
A
Conscious
15
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are not within the level of one’s awareness
A
Unconscious
16
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are exercised with reason
A
Rational
17
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts that are committed for no apparent reason or explanation
A
Irrational
18
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: acts are done with full volition or will
A
Voluntary
19
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: processes within our body that go on even while we are sleeping
A
Involuntary
20
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: involved few neurons in the processing of behaving
A
Simple
21
Q
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: involved more number of neurons in the processing of behaving
A
Complex
22
Q
This tells us what kind of behavior occurred
A
Describing behaviors
23
Q
Detailed characterization of responses, actions, and reactions when encountering a certain situation or phenomenon.
A
Describing behaviors
24
Q
This tell us why a certain behavior occurred
A
Understand and explain behavior
25
When researchers can specify the conditions under which a behavior or event is likely to occur. Some methods to be used: psychological tests; past behavior
Identify factors to help predict behavior
26
This is when researchers know how to apply a principle or change a condition to prevent unwanted occurrences or to bring about desired outcomes
Control or change behavior
27
Father of Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
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Father of Modern Psychology and Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
29
WIlhelm Wundt establishes the first psychology laboratory in
Leipzig, Germany
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WIlhelm Wundt establishes the first psychology laboratory in what year?
1879
31
The proponent of Structuralism
WIlhelm Wundt
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The proponent of Functionalism
William James
33
The proponent of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
34
Proponent of Behaviorism in 1924
John B. Watson
35
Refers to the origin and development of mental functions, traits, or states.
Psychogenesis
36
Which period does "animism" belong to?
Ancient Period
37
Which period does Democritus belong to?
Greek Period
38
Gods and spirits are attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man.
Animism
39
He theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrates in and out of our system
Democritus
40
An ancient Greek philosopher whose philosophical ideas contributed to the former establishment of psychology as a scientific discipline.
Socrates
41
Socrates' idea of ______________ is fundamental to living a good and meaningful life
Knowing oneself
42
From what century era is Socrates' from?
5th Century
43
He believed that the soul is distinct from man and is God-given.
Plato (428-347 BCE)
44
Plato argued for the ______________________
role of nature in psychological development
45
Plato's (3) distinct elements
Elements of Reason - Head
Spirited Element - Heart
Element of Bodily Appetites and Desire - Diaphragm
46
He is the first person to put into writing his explanation about the behavior of man.
Aristotle (384 to 432 BCE)
47
A student of Plato who argued for the role of nurture in psychological development
Aristotle
48
Function of the Soul
Vegetative
Appetitive
Rational
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Basic Maintenance of Life
Vegetative
50
Desires and Motives
Appetitive
51
Governs reason that is located in the heart, and believe that the brain is merely a gland and performs minor function
Rational
52
Father of Medicine and first theorized that mental disorders arise from natural factors; first classify different mental disorders during classical period
Hippocrates
53
Theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors; behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body or the bile
Galen
54
Yellow - Cheerfulness
Sanguine
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Green - Sluggishness (Slow)
Phlegmatic
56
Black - Sadness
Melancholic
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Red - Irascibility
Choleric
58
Introduces the method of introspection (The individuals tries to describe his own conscious processes)
St. Augustine of Hippo
59
He believes that when the body dies, the soul separates and become a spirit
St. Thomas Aquinas
60
He coined the phrase "tabula rasa" which means empty slate.
John Locke
61
He introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact.
Rene Descartes
62
Spiritual Entity
Mind
63
Physical or Material Entity
Body
64
He gave the difference between impression and ideas, between created image and direct situaition
David Hume
65
Father of American Psychology
William James
66
He is a student under Wilhelm Wundt and went on to develop the idea of Structuralism
Edward Brafford Titchener
67
He is an austrian physician who proposed a theory of personality that emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind.
Sigmund Freud
68
He developed his theory of origin in Neurosis
Carl Jung
69
He conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man's existence
Alfred Adler
70
Schools of Psychology
Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Gestalt Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Cognitive Psychology
Existentialist Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Biological Psychology
71
proposed explanation or conclusion involves theories, concepts, and basic principles
Theoretical Based
72
This is pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt, it contains observation and experiments
Experimental Psychology
73
Pioneered by Dorothea Dix, which study the cause of behavioral disorders
Abnormal Psychology
74
Pioneered by Robert S. Woodworth (Sigmund Freud) which contains interpretation of internal drives and motives
Dynamic Psychology
75
Pioneered by Charles Darwin and Wilhelm Preyer, growth and development
Developmental Psychology
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Pioneered by William Sharp Macleay, behavior and mental processes of different species
Comparative Psychology
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Pioneered by Johann Friedrich Herbart, psychological principles to the problem of education
Educational Psychology
78
Pioneered by Hugo Munsterberg,
Business, firms, and industries
Industrial-organizational psychology
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Pioneered by Johann Friedrich Herbart and Kurt Tsadek Lewin, study of people's behavior in relation to society
Social Psychology
80
Pioneered by Carl Rogers,
alleviating and preventing mental illness
Counseling Psychology
81
Pioneered by Lightner Witmer
treatment of mental disorders
Clinical Psychology
82
Pioneered by Hugo Munsterberg, Legal law or legal proceedings
Forensic Psychology
83
Pioneered by Sir Francis Galton,
Measurement of behavior and capacities through psychological tests
Psychometric Psychology
84
Pioneered by Charles Darwin, John Harlow, Jane Goodall, Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, application of the principle of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior
Biopsychology
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Pioneered by Grandville Stanley Hall, study of neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments
Physiological Psychology
86
Pioneered by Emil Kraepelin,
a branch of medicine which exist to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders in human
Psychiatry
87
Pioneered by Sigmund Freud, pertains to the application of specialized psychological methods to the treatment of diagnosed mental disorder or to the problems of a person's daily adjustment
Psychotheraphy
88
Pioneered by Ralph Gerard,
A subfield of Medicine that deals with the various pharmacological agents such as anti-depressants, anti-anxiety, anti-manic, and anti-psychotic agents utilized to affect behavior, mood, and feelings.
Psychotropics
89
Pioneered by Egas Moniz,
Branch of medicine which involves the surgical severing and chemical alterations of brain fibers with purpose of modifying psychological disturbances and other behavior aberrations.
Psychosurgery
90
Pioneered by Kurt Lewin, merged the discipline of Sociology and Anthropology
Social Psychology
91
Pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt, study of neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language
Psycholinguistics
92
Addiction Psychology
by G. Alan Marlatt
93
Branches/Fields of Psychology
Addiction
Behavioral
Cognitive
Cross-cultural
Health
Media
Military
Pediatric
Personality
School
Sports
94
Cognitive Psychology
by Ulric Richard, Gustav Neisser, Jean Piaget
95
Behavioral Psychology
by John B. Watson
96
Cross-cultural Psychology
by Gustav Jahoda, Geert Hofstede, Johann Friedrich Herbart
97
Health Psychology
by George C. Stone
98
Media Psychology
by Hugo Munsterberg
99
Military Psychology
by Robert M. Yerkes
100
Pediatric Psychology
by Dorthea Ross, Lee Salk, Logan Wright
101
Personality Psychology
by Gordon Allport
102
School Psychology
Lightner Witmer
103
Sports Psychology
Coleman Griffith
104
Psychology major graduates who acquired licensure
Psychometrician
105
Have specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. They hold a master's or doctorate-level qualification in psychology before acquiring their license.
Psychologist
106
These are medical doctors. They diagnose illness, manage treatment, and provide a range of therapies for complex and serious mental illness. They prescribe medication that psychologists can't
Psychiatrists
107
Is a mental health professional who has a master's degree (MA) in psychology, counseling, or a related field.
Counselor
108
Study of oneself
Introspection
109
Method of examining and interpreting but never interfering with the behavior being studied
Naturalistic Observation
110
Direct observation: participates with the subject
Participant Observation
111
Used when an investigator wants to investigate in large population in short span of time
Survey
112
Used to study behavior that can be brought into the laboratory and studied under controlled behavior
Experimental Method
113
Search for relationship
Correlational Studies
114
A complete detailed account of the phenomenon or any social event which may have scientific value or which may provide insights into group behavior.
A research of the past and its implication at the present status
Case History Method
115
Search for materials in libraries or other recorded sources, say, archives
Historical Method and Archival Research
116
Useful in investigating and accumulating proofs in the biological basis of learning, memory, and behavior
Animal Studies
117
Researchers try to describe the behavior manifested and the change of quality to certain behavior. Ethical guidelines need to be taken into consideration when covert observation is carried out
Qualitative and Descriptive Research
118
A research method that observes a particular population over a certain period of time
Longitudinal Studies
119
Involves the study of both healthy individuals and patients, typically who have suffered either brain injury or mental illnesses
Neuropsychological Methods
120
Is a tool often used in mathematical psychology and cognitive psychology to simulate a particular behavior using a computer
Computational Modeling
