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First Semester Final SG > 1st Semester > Flashcards

1st Semester Flashcards

(121 cards)

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0
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Sailed around 1488
Wanted to go to china but got lost and ended up in India
He returned home from so many treasures (spices and fragrances) came back with 60X more then he came with
He names the tip of Africa “Good hope”

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1
Q

Marco Polo

A

In 1296, he sailed to china
He stayed in china for 24 years.
Found silk and spices (was the most important)

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2
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

In 1492 he made the first recorded trip to the new world
3 ships: Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria
The king and queen offered him three things: 10% of whatever he got, governed of any new found land, and a title “Admeral of the ocean sea”
On October 12 1492 he landed in the Bahamas.

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3
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

Italian
America is named after him
Famous map maker first person to make a map of the US

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4
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

He discovered the Strait of Magellan and names it the Pacific Ocean

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5
Q

Hernando Cortes

A

The Aztecs thought Cortez was Quetzalcoatl (a God)
First Great Conquistador
Cortes told them to bring all the leaders to this one place to solve the problems and his men surrounded them, he shot all of them

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6
Q

La Malinche

A

A slave woman given to Cortes who helped him conquer her people

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7
Q

Fransisco Pizarro

A

Went to S. America and encountered the Incas

He captured the Inca ruler in 1532, Atahualpa

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8
Q

Fransisco Coronado

A

He discovered the Grand Canyon and Buffalo (they were bison not buffalo)
Turk approached them and told them that he would show then to the 7 cities
After months they realized that he wasn’t showing him the cities and that they just wanted to keep the other people safe

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9
Q

Hernando de Soto

A

He took over 600 men to the New world to look for gold

He brutally mistreated the Indians, if they tried to get away he would cut off one of their feet

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10
Q

Types of colonies

A

Charter- receives a grant for excitest from a trade company
Proprietary- got a governed to be in charge of it
Royal- they are astablished by the King

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11
Q

Indentured servants

A

someone who got their passage to the new world by promising to work for them for a certain amount of time. Anywhere from 4-7 years

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12
Q

The lost colony

A

Roanoke
They are very unprepared for what’s to come: not enough food, not enough supplies for build houses or crops, already have antagonists

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13
Q

Who was the governor of the lost colony

A

John White

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14
Q

Jamestown colony

A

First perminant English settlement in the new world

John Smith- let the people

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15
Q

Mayflower compact

A

Rules for Plymouth colony

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16
Q

Roger Williams

A

landed in MB, he was a pastor who was the Firestone to preach of separation

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

“city upon a hill”

He led them to Massachusetts

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

banished from MB because she started preaching that faith alone is all you need for salvation
She was tried for herrisy, and came up guilty

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19
Q

Squanto

A

He showed them what crops to do, gave them food, ways to get their crops started, helped with their homes

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20
Q

Plymouth colony

A

settled by the separatists in holland

Storm broke out and they had to land somewhere

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21
Q

Massachusetts bay colony

A

Was the first colony that said they can have whatever faith

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22
Q

Salem witch trials

A

INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY

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23
Q

Colonial life

A

Play: barn raising, corn huskings, quiltings, foot races (track), wrestling, horse races, and cock fights
They started to form clubs: smoking club, laughing club, beef stake club, for men the Monday night club, Friday night club for women

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24
Middle passage
The trip from freedom to slavery
25
Pueblo revolt of 1680
revolt against the Spanish in current day New Mexico  Catholicism- the Indians tried to convert them by destroying their idols and sacred places  There was a huge drout in 1678-1689 and they thought God was punishing them for abandoning their ways
26
The first great awakening
Commonly known as a renewal for Christians  | Typically awakenings are viewed by the secular world as a period of religious fanaticism 
27
Jonathan Edwards
"the greatest theologian of the great awakening" | famous sermon sinners in the hands of an angry God
28
George Whitefield
Greatest evangelist of the great awakening
29
Results of first great awakening
Church growth Number of religious colleges increased  The Half Way Convenant vanished  Brought more division 
30
Samuel de Champlain
Father of New France 
31
Robert de la Salle
First person to explore the Mississippi River 
32
Ohio valley
The French and the British both said that they settled their first 
33
George Washington
sent as a soldier and 150 volunteer fighters to go claim the land in Ohio Valley
34
Fort necessity
Washington built it as a defense 
35
Fort Duquesne
The French were building forts by the river when they were settling
36
Results of French and Indian war
Treaty of Paris
37
The proclamation act of 1763
designed to help protect the colonists from the Indians  | Colonists could not settle west of the application mountains 
38
Spanish mission system
The mission- church The presidio- giant towers always on opposite sides, there to protect the town, where the soldiers would live The pueblo- the town, houses and area surrounding the church 
39
Sugar act
April 1764, put a tax on Sugar, molasses, and coffee
40
Stamp act
1765 - an internal tax 
41
Quartering act
1765- a standing army in times of peace 
42
Townsend act
1767- a tax in glass, paint, paper and tea
43
Sons of liberty
To lead the popular protest, some men formed associations
44
Boston tea party
December 16, 1773, the British dressed like Indians,  boarded three British ships laden with tea and dumped the tea into the harbor 
45
Shot heard round the world
a line from Ralph Waldo Emerson's "concord hymn" 
46
Paul Revere
April 18, 1775 | "The British are coming, the British are coming"
47
Filers of the articles of confederation
They all had to agree (all 13 colonies)  They were a financial failure  Foreign weakness Domestic weakness 
48
Newburgh conspiracy
The generals had a secret meting to overthrow the government 
49
The great compromise
Bicameral government  | One house Is population and the other one is equal people 
50
Three fifths compromise
Slaves only count as 3/5 of a person  
51
Shays rebellion
Soldiers were promised money when they return and when they got back there was no money. Daniel Shay led a rebellion reviewing that the articles of confederation weren't working
52
Bill of rights
Civil liberties- the protect your own rights | Restrict power of national governmant 
53
Whiskey rebellion
Alexander Hamilton decided to put a tax on whiskey | People rebel against it and starts in Pensylvania and burned the guys house down who started it
54
XYZ affair
France started seizing American trade They send 3 representatives to France to work something out and to meet Tallyrand but they were met by people who would not give their name X Y and Z
55
Alain and sedition act
It was restructions on immigration from the states and freedom of speech 
56
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
This nullified the alien and sedition act
57
Federalists
Ruled by the elite- they didn't think those in charge should be everyday citizens that they should be educated and wealthy Limited government Limited states right and a power centural government  Favorite protective terrifs  Pro british  Centural bank  Restrictions on freedom of speech and press  Wanted a strong navy 
58
Democratic republicans
Wanted rule by the people  Open to more government but wanted restrictions  Strong states rights and a weak centural government  Strict interpretation of the constitution  Wanted no special favors for busnesses  Pro French  Wanted to get rid of the national debt  Wanted states banks not federal bank  Freedom of speech and press Wanted a navy only for defense  
59
Louisiana purchase
They had a major port  JT authorized Robert Livingston to buy New Orleans for $10 million  The prime minister of France offers all of the Louisiana teritory for $15 million and TJ okays it 
60
Lewis and Clark expedition
Lewis and Clark were sent by TJ to explore the Louisiana territory Lasted 3 years
61
War hawks
Leading war hawk is Henry clay  | War hawks are people who want war or like war 
62
Oliver Hazard Perry 
"we have met the enemy and they are ours." 
63
Francis Scott key  
He writes the Star-Spangled Banner
64
Battle of ft. McHenry
The British bombed the fort and didn't even come on to land 
65
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the war of 1812
66
Era of good feelings
James Monroe went to all the states talking to the people and looking at the armies.. People loved it
67
Panic of 1819
Result of over speculation
68
Missouri compromise
Missouri becomes a slave state and main becomes a free state without the population
69
Monroe doctrine
America is no longer to be seen as a place of colonization by Europe  Any attempt to settle in or around the United States will be seen as an act of war 
70
Isolationism
We promised to stay out of European affairs 
71
Lucretia Mott
-extreme abolitionist
72
Elizabeth Cady Stanton -
first women to advocate women's suffrage
73
Susan B. Anthony -
supported equality with men and followers were called Susy B's
74
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
first women to graduate from medical school in the United States, strong supporter of women's rights
75
Indian removal act
passed a law to make sure they moved west
76
Trail of tears
half of the Indians died on the way 
77
Bureau of Indian affairs
it was their job to make sure Indians were being treated fairly.. No Indians were on it
78
Stephan Austin
Goes to Santa Anna to talk about keeping slaves in Texas
79
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
President of Mexico.. raises an army to kick out the Americans from Texas 
80
Lone star republic
1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico
81
Sam Houston
After declaring independence from Mexico, they declare him as their leader
82
Alamo
Santa Anna goes into Texas and captures Americans Lasted 13 days then they killed all the Americans in the Alamo  "Remember the Alamo" 
83
Jim Bowie
designed the hunting knife. He would explore all around and pick a place to setting and when it got super populated he would move. He was in the hospital when the Alamo happened
84
Davey Crocket
he took down 6 guys before he was killed 
85
Rio grande river
border between Texas and Mexico 
86
Bear flag revolt
Word sent to General Stephen Kearney to capture San Diego to help John C. Fremont
87
Sitters Fort
Supplied food, guns, and gun powder
88
John C. Fremont
Tracker/explorer traveled throughout Oregon and California
89
John Sutter
Lived in California under Mexican rule for 16 years, built big empire off of forced Indian slave labor
90
California gold rush
January 24, 1848 golf discovered at sutters mill
91
James Marshall
Found a nugget the size of a doughnut hole
92
Sutters Mill
Where told was found, mill half done, was never finished
93
49ers
Those who came in the gold rush in 1849
94
Chinese
Largest group of foriengers
95
Foreign miners tax
$20 a month to be able to work as a minor
96
Woman in the gold rush
Not as many woman, many widows, open stores, laundry services, most became prostitues, first woman entrepreneurs
97
Indians in gold rush
Hurt most, destroyed land, competition for hunting sounds
98
Placer gold
Gold you can find lying on the ground
99
Results of the gold rush
Cali reached number of people needed to become a state September 9, 1850 became a free state 60,000 people by then
100
Pennsylvania turnpike 1790
Hard surface highway stretched 62 miles
101
1811 Cumberland road
591 mile railroad Maryland to Illinois
102
Steamboats 1790
Savannah steam engine crossed Atlantic 1819
103
Railroad
1829 significant form of transportation
104
Prohibition
Ban on sale, production, importation and transportation of alcoholic beverages 1920-1933
105
Results of early transportation
It increased wealth to all Americans but also increased the gap between rich and poor
106
Mormons
Kicked out of Missouri and Illinois 1850, bad rep for polygamy
107
Joseph Smith
Mayor of city in Illinois, ran for Predident, arrested for suspicion for burning newspaper headquarters
108
Deseret
Community in Utah
109
President pierce
Popular sovereignty, do nothing president
110
Avenging angels
Group in Mormon church, threatened people with fear and murder to keep them from leaving due to drout
111
Bringham Young
Governor of Deseret, suggests Utah territory, makes announcement of independent state, uses popular sovereignty to manipulate
112
President Buchannon
Puts together an army of 2500 to squash Mormon rebellion
113
Thatcher Band
Group of American settlers going west passing through Utah, all from Missouri or Illinois, Mormons refuse to trade, stole food from Mormon farmers and Indians, Indians plan to attack
114
John D. Lee
General of Mormon army, tells settlers of Indian plan, told settlers they would help if they turned over weapons and left Immediately
115
Mountain meadow massacre
Indians and Mormons hide in bushes and kill 120 settlers and 17 babies survive, word spread quickly, US army arrives, Young surrenders, and steps down as governor
116
Salt Lake City
Mormon capital
117
Oregon trail
Indians have never seen whites
118
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
Went to Oregon, set up medical and missionary facility right of the trail, has one child and adopted 11, built schools, grist mill, killed by cayuse Indians
119
Henry and Elizabeth Spalding
With to Oregon with Whitmans, ran missionary church
120
Cayuse war
1855, cayuse hand over 5 men they say were responsible for Whitmans death, hanged, cayuse give up most of their land and move on to a reservation

First Semester Final SG (2 decks)

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