1st Semester Final Exam

Question 1

What are the 4 tropic levels?

Answer 1

Autotrophs, 1st consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer

Question 2

What is the equation for photosynthesis? (cellular respiration is the opposite)

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H2O - C6H12O6 + 6CO2

Question 3

What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis Najaf glucose

CR uses it to make ATP, and then releases CO2 for Photosynthesis

Question 4

What are the two phases of Photosynthesis? What are its reactants and products?

Answer 4

Light dependent reaction, and the Calvin cycle- both reactants, Water
LDR- ATP, NADPH, O2
CC- oxygen, sugar

Question 5

Where does the Calvin cycle take place in the chloroplasts?

Answer 5

The stroma

Question 6

Where does the Light dependent reaction take place in the chloroplasts?

Answer 6

The Thylakoid membrane

Question 7

What role does light play in the formation of glucose during photosynthesis?

Answer 7

It produces energy for the plants and it helps to break apart H2O, oxygen, waste, and # carried by NADH

Question 8

What is the role of chlorophyll?

Answer 8

Allows plants to absorb sunlight

Question 9

What are the phases of cellular respiration?

Answer 9

Glycolysis, the kreb cycle (makes CO2), an the electron transportation chain

Question 10

What is the reactant and products of glycolysis? Where does it occur?

Answer 10

Glucose, ATP

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Does Glycolysis need oxygen to occur?

How many ATP are used and made?

Answer 11

No

2 ATP used, 4 ATP made

Question 12

What are the reactants and products of the Kreb Cycle?

Where does it occur?

Answer 12

2 Pyruvic acids

2 CO2, 2 ATP, and Pyruvic acids

The mitochondria

Question 13

What are the reactants and products of the energy cycle, where does it happen?

Answer 13

Oxygen, NADH, FADH2

H2O, and 34 ATP

The inner membrane

Question 14

How many ATP are used and made during the Kreb Cycle? Does it require oxygen?

Answer 14

0, 2

Yes

Question 15

Is oxygen needed in the energy cycle? How many ATP are used and made?

Answer 15

Yes

0, 34

Question 16

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 16

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of O2

Question 17

Where in the cell does cellular respiration happen?

Answer 17

Matrix, mitochondria

Question 18

What are the two electron carriers in cellular respiration?

Answer 18

NADH, FADH2

Question 19

What is fermentation?

Answer 19

The process animals goes through when oxygen is unavailable

Question 20

How does the production of ATP in fermentation compare to that which is produced in Respiration?

Answer 20

It’s not nearly as energizing

Question 21

What are the main green house gasses?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide, water, nitrogous oxid, methane, and green house gases

Question 22

When is ATP and ADP energy released?

Answer 22

They are stored in bonds, they escape when the bonds break

Question 23

What makes RNA molecules?

Answer 23

Transcription

Question 24

What happens during translation?

Answer 24

Proteins are made from RNA

mRNA-protein

Question 25

What is in both DNA and RNA?

Answer 25

Phosphate, Guanine, and Cytosine

Question 26

Why is DNA semi conservative?

Answer 26

One strand comes from the parent, the other is new

Question 27

What is the process of DNA replication?

Answer 27

DNA synthesis, and Nucleotides are added by base pairing

Question 28

What enzyme is evolved in DNA synthesis?

Answer 28

DNA helicase

Question 29

What enzyme is evolved in Nucleotides added by base pairing?

Answer 29

DNA polymerase

Question 30

What is the relationship between DNA and Genes?

Answer 30

It's part of the DNA, and it has instructions for making protein.

Question 31

What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes?

Answer 31

Threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contain genetic info.

Question 32

What happens during interphase?

Answer 32

Cell synthesis

Question 33

What happens during mitosis?

Answer 33

Cell decision (PMAT)

Question 34

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 34

The cell division is complete and 2 new cells are made

Question 35

Which is mRNA used in? Translation, or transcription?

Answer 35

Transcription

Question 36

Which is tRNA used in? Translation, or transcription?

Answer 36

Translation

Question 37

What does tRNA do?

Answer 37

Transfer each amino acid to the ribosome (to make proteins) as it is specified by the coded message in mRNA

Question 38

What are amino acids?

Answer 38

Building blocks of proteins

Question 39

Describe the steps in Transcription

Answer 39

1. DNA molecule unwinds | 2. Makes an mRNA coppie

Question 40

What is the purpose of transcription?

Answer 40

To merge the nucleotides to make protien

Question 41

Where does transcription take place in the cell?

Answer 41

Nucleus

Question 42

What enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds to open the DNA molecule?

Answer 42

Helicase

Question 43

What enzyme is responsible for assembling RNA nucleotides during transcription?

Answer 43

RNA polymers

Question 44

What are the steps of translation?

Answer 44

1. mRNA enters the cycle and associates with the Ribosomes 2. tRNA's each carry a specific amino acid, pair up with mRNA codons inside 3. ???

Question 45

What is the purpose of translation?

Answer 45

To translate RNA into protiens

Question 46

Which stand of RNA is the code which is read during translation?

Answer 46

tRNA, mRNA

Question 47

True/false: DNA can make proteins without RNA first?

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Function of RNA

Answer 48

Polymerase (enzyme) Adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand

Question 49

What is the backbone for both DNA and RNA?

Answer 49

Sugar and phosphate

Question 50

Subunits of DNA are...

Answer 50

Nucleotides

Question 51

Why are there 64 codons, but only 29 amino acids?

Answer 51

More than 1 codon codes for the same amino acids

Question 52

How disc energy move through an ecosystem?

Answer 52

It starts at the sun, and flows only in one direction