1st ten pages Flashcards
(63 cards)
______ is used when we look at something and need to make inferences
Visual Cues
_________ allow us to perceptually organize by taking into the account of the following cues: depth, form, motion, constancy
VisualCues
Humans have two eyes which allow them to receive visual cues from their environment by_________. These give them a sense of depth. (Also gives them retinal disparity)
binocular cues
__________ gives humans an idea of depth as well based on how much eyeballs are turned. Gives humans a sense of depth.
(Things far away – muscles of eyes relaxed)
(Things close to us – muscles of eyes contract)
Convergence
Monocular cues
Visual cues that human receive that we don’t need eyes for (give us a sense of form)
Relative size
Can infer with one eye (the closer an object is perceived as bigger gives us a sense of form)
Interposition overlap
The perception that one object is in front of another (the object that i sin front is closer)
Relative height
Things higher are perceived to be further away form those that are lower
Shading and contour
Using light and shadows to perceive form depth/contours- crater/moutains
Monocular clues can also give us a sense of ________
Motion
Motion parallax
“Relative motion” things farther away move slower, and things closer move faster
Monocular clue of constancy
When our perception of an object doesn’t change even if the image cast on the retina is different. Different types of constancy include size constancy, shape constancy, and color constancy
Size constancy
One that appear larger because its closer, but we still think its the same size
Shape constancy
A changing shape still maintains the same shape perception (ex. a door opening means the shape is changing but we still believe the door is a rectangle)
Color constancy
Despite changes in lighting which change the image color falling on our retina, we understand (perceive) that the object is the same color
Sensory adaptation
Our senses are adaptable and they can change their sensitivity to stimuli
Hearing adaption
Inner ear muscle- higher noise muscle contracts (takes awhile for it to kick in so wont work for noises like gun shots but works for being at a rock concert for a whole afternoon)
Touch adaptation
Temperature receptors desenitized over time
Smell adaptation
Desensitized receptors in your nose yo molecule sensory information over time
Proprioception adaptation
Is the sense of the position of the body in space (sense of balance/ where you are in space”
Sight adaptation
Down-regulation or up-regulation to light intensity
Down regulation
Light adaptation, when its is bright ou, pupils constrict (less light enters back of eye) and the desensitization of rods and cones become desensitized to light
Up regulation
Dark regulation, pupils dilate, rods and cones starts synthesising light sensitive molecules
Weber’s Law
The threshold at which you’re able to notice a change in any sensation is the just noticeable difference (JND) (ex. have a 5lb weight and replace it with a 5.2 lb weight might not notice the difference but if you replace it with a 5.5lb weight you will)
