1st test Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
SIRIM
A
Acronym for diagnosing a pathologies stands for S tructueal I mmune R eactive I nfectious M etabolism
2
Q
structural processes
A
usually long standing and unchanging
Slow to Develop
often found in young patients
3
Q
Immune processes
A
Responds to steroids
itching/pain- allergy or autoimmune
more seen in women… classic signs of inflammation(shares with infectious processes)
4
Q
reactive process
A
Should resolve when causative agent goes away
may mimic neoplasm
5
Q
metabolic process
A
are usually a systemic condition
maybe Hormonal, Nutritional or Genetic
Ex: iron deficiency anemia
6
Q
Iron deficiency anemia is an example of what kind of pathological process
A
metabolic
7
Q
Infectious
A
Responds to ANTI-MICROBIALS
may look like Tumor and is often Painful
8
Q
Herpes is an example of what kind of process
A
Infectious process
9
Q
Neoplastic processes
A
Benign: encapsulated, mimics structural process
Malignant: Not encapsulated, grows rapidly, mimics infection; ill defined mass, enlarge lymph nodes(also seen in infections)
10
Q
Recite color differences and meanings
A
White- less blood visble could be:
Psuedomembrane,Thick or callous epithelium, scarred fibrous tissues
Lipid
11
Q
frenum tag is a example of a
A
structural
12
Q
true of false
candidaisis is a common cause of burning sensation
A
true
13
Q
If tissue or tumor moves freely then it is most likely
A
Benign
14
Q
Induration means
A
Fixed to surrounding area
15
Q
Differential Diagnosis
A
list of Diseases with features consistent with the observed signs and symptoms
Arranged in order of probability, as determined y epidemiology and frequency of occurance
16
Q
dentigerous cyst
A
most common radiolucency in impacted tooth
17
Q
the most probably diffential diagnosis is
A
Working diagnosis— dictates treatment plan.
18
Q
What is the most common oral fungal infections in humans
A
Candidiasis
usually does not cause harm
19
Q
overuse of topical steroids or diabetes can lead to
A
candidiasis
20
Q
symptoms of candidiasis
A
burning sensation/unpleasant taste of the mouth
21
Q
Burning mouth syndrome
A
burning of the mouth ongoing/re-curring with NO OBVIOUS CAUSE.
22
Q
what is the most common form of candidiasis
A
acute pseudomembranous candidiasis
23
Q
chronic atrophic/ erythematous
A
Red in color in special sites:
Angular cheilitis
median rhomboid glossitis - red area on dorsom of tongue
chronic mucocutaneous -
24
Q
mucocucutaneous-
A
seen in oral cavity and skin, not common
25
Psuedomembranous candidiasis
white in color, removed by scraping.leaving underlying tissue erythamatous
26
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
red in color, center of the tongue atrophy, loss of filiform papilla
27
denture stomatitis
to long denture, petechiae
28
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
White patch cant be scraped off ( candidal leukoplakia)
leukoplakia associated
29
what is the clinical significant form of candidas
hyphae
30
how is candidiasis treated
```
Antifungals:
nystatin
clotrimazole
ketoconazole
fluconazole
```
31
Histoplasmosis usually begins where
Lungs inhaled spore
| large deep seated non healing ulcer
32
tramatic ulcerative granulama with stromal
mimics squamous cell and microbial ulcer
33
what is the most common systemic deep fungal infection in the US
Histoplasmosis
| endemic in ohio and mississippi
34
Blastomycosis
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is characteristic--- often misdiagnosd as SCC
also known as blasomyces
35
cryptococcosis
most common life threatening fungal infection in AIDS patients
36
zygomycosis/mucormycosis/phycomycosis
starts as ulcer rapidly progresses, seen in palate& sinuses... causes necrosis of the palate.
most common deep fungal infection in un controlled insulin dependent diabetes ... non septate hyphae
37
Aspergillosis
Allergic reaction in normal host
also called allergic fungal sinusitis
2nd most common after candididasis
38
HHV-4
Ebstein-Bar Virus(EBV)
39
HHV-3
varciella zoster visurs
40
primary herpes infection in young children
cause gingivastomatitis
41
Primary herpes infection in adults
1st sign sore throat- pharyngotonsilitis
42
all disease that start as a vesicle and end in a ulcer after a couple days are
Vesiculobulous/ vesicle ulcerative
43
Tzanck cells are characteristic of
Acantholysis-loss of cellular cohesion
| diagnosed by cytologic smear &tissue biopsy
44
diagnose Acantholysis with
smear or biopsy
45
what is the number one cause of infectious blindness is Us
herpes in eye- autoinoculation
46
Herpes zoster
shingles, unilateral, extreme pain
47
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
extreme herpes zoster that will send patient into paralysis
48
infectious mononucleousis
kissing disease caused cause by EBV
lymphadnopathy,
ANUG LESIONS
49
HHV-5
Cytomegalovirus
50
cytomegalovirus
seen in children/ immunocompromised
| -- possible encephalitis
51
What fungal organism causes candidiasis
Candida albicans
52
what form of candida albicans is dangerous
hyphae
53
which is most common candiasis
erythematous candidiasis- usually follows antibiotic therapy
psuedomembrane- most common identified
54
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
also called candidal leukoplakia
least common type of candida
characterized by white patch that cannot be removed by scraping
diagnosed by presence of cardinal hyphea
55
What is bacteria is the most common systemic Fungal infection in the US
Histoplasmosis- yeast at body temp
acute- pulmonary infection -self limiting
chronic-less common affects lungs
56
hypoadrenocortisolism
Addisons disease
57
blastomycosis
uncommon disease cause by blastomyces dermatidis -spores
| seen more in men do to outdoor activity in the east coast and Great Lake area
58
cryptococcosis
fungal disease tragic in AIDs/ immunocompromised patients. less common since AIDs treatment... caused by c.neoformans found in pigeon poop worldwide
59
What is Keratoacanthoma
self-healing Carcinoma
self -limiting
Does not occur intraorally
60
how is Keratoacanthoma described
Firm non tender, dome shaped nodule with central keratin plug
61
Oral melanotic macule
focal increase in melanin unrelated to solar exposure. More in women..
Solitary uniform tan to dark-brown, round, oval macule/ less than 7 mm do not enlarge
62
Melanocytic Nevus
Nevus- Congenital/ developmental
63
what is the most common acquired nevus
| or Common mole
Melanocytic Nevus
64
True of false Melanoma can arise from nevi
true (believe it or not)
65
Verruca Vulgaris
HPV 2, 4, 40
can spread by autoiinoculation
benign, focal hyperplasia of squamoua epithelium
Frequent in children seen on hands
in adults: vermillion , labial mucosa or anterior of tongue
66
how is verruca Vulgaris wart seen
as paineless papules or nodules with papillary projections ; occur in clusters . 2/3 disappear within 2yrs
* Form Koilocytes - hyperchromatic nuclei, clear perinuclear halo
67
Seborrheic Keratosis
due to chronic sun exposure
| acquired benign proliferation of epithelial hyperplasia
68
seborrheic keratosis is characterized by
mulltiple small tan to brown macules initially , become papillaru raised, usually less than 2 cm
not removed
appears "stuck onto" skin
69
Keratoacanthoma
Self limiting
EXTREMELY DIFFERENTIATED squamou cell carcinoma call SCC " Keratoacanthoma type"
rarely b4 age 45, male
does not occur intra orally
70
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia characterized by
extensive quite plaques , multiple sites, invariable progression-HPV16-Recur after excision.
4:1 female dominant usually non smokers and non drinkers
71
Erythroplakia
Red patch that cannot be clinically or pathologically diagnosed as other condition
Suspicious red lesion observe for 10-14days b4 biopsy is needed
72
Histologic spectrum of erythroplakia
mild dysplasia -10%
carcinoma in situ- 40%
Invasive Carcinoma-50%
73
actinic cheilitis
diffuse premalignant alteration of lower lip vermillion
rough scaly area on drier portions of vermillion
degeneration of collagen fibers
74
Lip Vermillion Carcinoma
Due to chronic ultraviolet radiation
90% on lower lip
slow growing
75
intral oral SCC location frequencies
90% floor of mouth , soft palate anterior tonsillar pillar complex,ventral/lateral border of tongue
* Most common - posterior lateral & ventral surfaces of tongue followed by floor of mouth
20% on anterior lateral or ventral tongue,
only 4% on dorsum
76
in tumor stagein/ classifyining TMN system stand for what
T- tumor size (T1=smallest- T4= largest)
N- spread to local lymph nodes
M- Presence or absence of distant metastasis
77
grading a tumor means
judging degree of tumor resembleance to parent tissue
low grade - still resembles parent (1)
high grade (III/IV) - poorly differentiated
78
Verrucous Carcinoma
Snuff dippers cancer- painless well demarcated thick white/pink papillarty
low grade variant of SCC, predominantly in men 55+
extensive and often present 2-3ys b4 diagnosis
79
Rodent ulcer
Basal cell carcinoma
80
Ranula
Mucocele in the floor of the mouth
blue , dome-shaped, fluctuant swelling
Larger than mucoceles
81
How is Ranula treated
Marsupialization (slit absess and make continueous) or removal of gland
82
Salivary duct cytst
true cyst line by epithelium
resemble mucocele
frequent on FlO OF mouth, buccal mucosa and lips
83
Sialothiasis
Calcified structures within salivary ducts
episodic pain or swelling of affected gland, especially at mealtime
build up of Ca+ around nidus of debris
most common in subman gland (whartons duct)
84
Plasma cell Gingivitis. is seen in
Contact stomatitis in gingiva frequent site
85
contact stomatitis
```
characterized by pain and burning
Plasma cell gingivitis
clinically varies
toothpaste reaction gives diffuse pattern
chewing gum/ candy gives localized.
often to cinnamon flavoring
```
86
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
Orafacial granulomatosis
| when combined with facial paralysis and fissure tongue
87
cheilitis Granulomatosa
Orafacial granulomatosis
| involving lips alone
88
In all orafacial granulomatosis
60% resolves from elimination of oral infection or allergy
Systemic/ intra lesion steroids control progression
Lesions resolve spontaneously without treatment
89
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
orofacial granuloma
| Accompanied by facial paralysis and fissured tongue
90
chelitis granulomatosa
orofacial granuloma involing the lips alone
91
Plasma cell gingivitis is seen in what
contact stomatitis .. allergy to cinnamon or other flavoring when it affects ginviga which is often
92
Herpangina
Caused by Coxsackie Virus A
multiple ulcers on soft palate/ tonsillar
Begins as red macule that then form vesicles and ulcerate
sore throat- similar to strep
limited to oral cavity
93
measles is what virus
Paramyxovirus - also mumps(swollen parotid bilateral)
94
Koplik spots
are the clinical oral features of measles
95
linear gingiva erythema
is a manifestation of HIV
| free gingival margin extending 2mm apically
96
HHV-8
Kaposi sarcoma
97
special stains used to identify amyloid
Congo red dye & Crystal Violet stain
98
Pyostomatitis vegetans
unusual oral expression of IBD...Ulcerative colitis or Crohns Disease
Yellow linear serpentine pustules on eythamatous oral mucosa
"Snail track" Ulcerations
99
Hypophosphatasia
decrease alkaline phosphatase
decrease cementum
early loss of teeth opposite of pagets
