1st Week Flashcards
1
Q
Routine clinical lab examinations in microbiology
A
- Culture and sensitivity of clinical samples
- Acid fast stain
- Gram’s stain
- environmental sample analysis
- Water analysis
- food bacteriology
2
Q
pinapatubo uung microorganisms, hoping you will isolate the causative agent of the disease.
A
Culture
3
Q
yung nagcacause ng uti or diarrhea, pinapatubo tong mga microorganisms na ito sa artificial medium called
A
culture media.
4
Q
Culture is placed in
A
Petri dish
5
Q
Most common culture
A
Bacterial and fungal culture
6
Q
Rare culture
A
Viral culture
7
Q
Where is viral culture found?
A
Special lab
8
Q
= paraan na pag naisolate yung bacteria causing the diseas
A
Sensitivity
9
Q
Para malaman kung san pwedeng mamatay ung bacteria na naisolate na probable causative agent ng disease ng patient.
A
Sensitivity
10
Q
*bahala na yung doctor sa pagpili ng panel of antibodies na tinest. Pero yung pipiliin nila yung ——— sa clinical sample.
A
Pinakasensitive
11
Q
Samples in microbiology
A
ihi, dugo, stool, CSF, body Fluids, scutum , tissues
12
Q
Scutum
A
Plema
13
Q
find the cause.
Is it Bacteria?
A
Culture
14
Q
What medicine should
the doctor prescribe .
A
Sensitivity
15
Q
Pag may tumubo na culture , kelangan gawan ng sensitivity.
Pag Walang tumubo
A
ibig sabihin, before the collection of sample,
the patient took antibiotics. ibig sabihin effective gamot niya kaya walang tumubong bacteria sa culture.
16
Q
detects organism called acid fast bacteria
A
Acid fast stain
17
Q
bacteria that is not affected by acid.
A
Acid fast bacteria
18
Q
Detects if someone has TB
A
acid fast bacteria
19
Q
Causes tuberculosis
A
Microbacterium tuberculosis
20
Q
How long is the medication for TB
A
6 months
21
Q
Most common tb
A
PTB or pulmonary tuberculosis
22
Q
Sample for TB
A
Scutum
23
Q
Sample in acid fast stain
A
Scutum?
24
Q
unang nag devise ng method of staining for bacteria.
A
Hans christian gram
25
= one of basic ways of getting bacteria.
Gram stain
26
Gram positive:
Reacts to crystal violet or color violet
27
Gram negative:
Reacts to red na stain
28
Positive and negative ——-states what antibiotic should be given.
Gram stain
29
= done to monitor bacterial load of an area.
Environmental sample analysis
30
patient is contaminated due to high bacterial load of the area they are in.
Post operative infection
31
Water analysis is primarily
bacteriological water analysis
32
for coatability of water
Water analysis
33
to bottle water and filter water
Water analysis
34
For investigation of food poisoning
Food bacteriology
35
Nbacteria cannot be grown by isolation
FALSE
36
—> By appropriate procedures, they have to be grown separately (isolated) on culture media and obtained as pure for study.
Bacteria
37
bacteria have to be for them to be identified.
grown (cultured)
38
= unang ginamit na culture medium is meat broth or urine.
Louis pasteur
39
Culture medium ni louis pasteur
Meat broth or urine
40
2 type of medium
Solid and liquid medium
41
Diffuses growth
Liquid medim
42
Earliest liquid medium
: cooked potato
43
Cooked potato as medium
Robert fohc
44
Used gelatin as medium
Robert pox
45
—— used agar as suggested by ——- para ——-yung culture medium
Robert fohc also used agar as suggested by Frau Hesse para magsolidify yung culture medium.
46
= solidifying agent in culture medium
Agar
47
Agar is from
from seaweed extract
48
used gelatin but it failed because
gelatin gets eaten by bacteria -> gets liquified . ( kaya di maiisolate bacteria kase malulusaw na kaya epic fail to.
49
Why is agar not eaten by bacteria
It has no nutritive value
50
AGAR usually —ang concentration in which we use in culture medium to solidify medium.
2%
51
Agar has a characteristic that will melt at —- and solidify and set at —-
98. 42Celcius
52
Kung ano shape ng petri dish yun din itsura ng agar pag tumigas. T OR F
True
53
discrete colony. ( colonies are separated from one another)
Solid medium
54
Earliest solid medim
Meat broth
55
visible collection of millions of bacteria originating from a single bacterial cell.
Colony
56
Culture media type can be based on
-> based on consistency, based in contituents or ingredients, based on oxygen requirements
57
Used para makita itsura ng bacteria pag tumubo. Kasama amoy.
Solid medium.
58
= does not make colony. walang agar.
Liquid medium
59
For enrichment - patuboin or enhance growth ng bacteria.
Liquid medium
60
= soft agar.
Semi solid medium
61
Agar content of semi solid medium
is 0.5 to 1.5% only.
62
Semi solid medium is used for
detection in bacteria on whether its motile or not
63
Why is a bacteria motile
Due to having a flagella
64
= basic components or ingredients so that bacteria will grow
Simple medium
65
Basic components of bacteria
protein source, peptone source, milk extract, acelyne, agar
66
Example of simple medium:
nutrient agar or nutrient broth
67
= have added ingredients to provide special nutrients needed by bacteria particular bacteria inorder to grow
Complex medium
68
from pure chem. Substances with its exact exact composition known.
Synthetic or defined medium =
69
enriched media.
Special media
70
Special media have substances added like ——that are used by bacteria to provide nutritional means especially for the fastidious bacteria
Blood, serum,egg
71
There are substances added like blood ,serum , egg that are used by bacteria to provide nutritional means especially for the fastidious bacteria
Special media
72
fastidious bacteria
Maarteng bacteria na hindi tutubo ng basta basta
73
Example of special media
Ex. Sheep’s blood agar = may dugo ng tupa
74
= mamamatay pag naexpose sa oxygen.
Dapat wlaang oxygen sa environment nila. Kelangan pa sila icultivate in an oxygen free medium, oxygen free environment.
Anaerobe
75
= hindi namamatay sa exposure ng oxygen
Aerob
76
Medium with e. Coli
Mac conkey’s medium
77
TCBS
has vibrio cholerae which causes cholera
78
Causes cholera
Vibrio cholerae
79
= type of culture media used when sampling
Swab
80
Ex. Of swab
Vaginal and throat swab
81
Coating medium used when transporting swab sample
Transport medium
82
What is swab for
Para makuha bacteria kung san ka nagswab
83
= used to grow anaerobic organism
Anaerobic media
84
Example of anerobic media
Ex. Robert’s culture medium and glycolate medium
85
TSI medium
( triple sugar iron agar )
86
= na ginagamit para maidentify kung talaga yung naisolate or nacultivate or tinubo mong bacteria is E. Coli
TSI medium
87
biochemical test medium to confirm E. coli
TSI medium
88
= test that will identify bacteria
TSI medium
89
= methods sa pagtanim or cultivate ng bactera
Culture method
90
also known as susceptibility or sensitivity testing
Lawn culture
91
study of the molecules, cells, organs and systems
Immunology
92
is responsible for the recognition and disposal of non-self substances;
Immunology
93
the response and interaction of body components and related interactions and the way the immune system can be eliminated to protect against or treat diseases.
Immunology
94
What division is serology
Immunology
95
division of immunology that specializes in laboratory detection and measurement of specific antibodies that develop in the blood during a response to exposure to a disease producing antigen.
Serology
96
uses serologic methods to determine blood groups and unexpected antibodies in the blood of persons donating or receiving blood.
Immunohematology or Blood Banking
97
Blood banking aka
Immunohematology
98
Immunohematology or Blood Banking uses ————- methods to determine blood groups and unexpected antibodies in the blood of persons donating or receiving blood.
Serologic
99
What does blood banking determine
Blood grouo and unexpected antibodies in blood of person donating or receiving blood,
100
= it is an immunogobulin
Antibody
101
Globulin
A proteim
102
Antibody is found in
Blood. Sa serum or liquid portion
103
ginagamit yung liquid portion ng blood para matignan kung nagkaron siya ng ancounter sa isang antigen
Serology
104
Ssample in serology
Serum
105
Reagent in serology
Antigen
106
Pag may buo buo sa serum sample in serology ibig sabihin
May antibody an specific for the antigen that was tested
107
= nakikilala ng body naten ang aten at hindi sa aten
Immunology
108
Iniinom para di marecognize ng katawan na transplant lang yung asa body niya
Immunosuppresant or CYA
109
Principle of immunologic and serologic methods
-> agglutination, precipitation, flocculation
110
More sensitive than precipitation.
Agglutination
111
marker that there is a corresponding antibody that attach to particular antigen.
Agglutination
112
term used to describe the aggregation of particular test antigens.
Agglutination
113
= clumping together of insoluble molecules.
Agglutination
114
Agglutination is the clumping together of ——-
Insoluble molecules
115
2 stages of agglutination
2 stages: sensitization and lattice formation
116
physical attachment of antibody molecule to the corresponding antigen.
Sensitization
117
Nakikilala niya yung kapareha niyang antigen. Yung antibody nakikita nagaattach yun sa corresponding antigen.
Sensitization
118
= pagdikit dikit ng antigen-antibody pairs.
Lattice formation
119
= establishment of crosslinks between sensitized particles of attached antigen and antibody.
Lattice formation
120
= Involves aggregation of soluble test antigens
Precipitation
121
= designed for antibody detection that are based on interaction of soluble antigens with antibodies, producing a precipitate of fine particles that can be seen with the naked eye.
Flocculation
122
Flocculation cannot be seen by naked eye
FALSE IT CAN BE SEEN BY NAKED EYE 👀
123
nakasuspend yung precipitate or soluble antigens bound with antibodies
Flocculation
124
Particles in Flocculation are
Suspended
125
Solution
Agglutination
126
Supernate
Precipitate
127
Tests in serology
Widal test, ASO test, RPR,
128
Sample in widal test
Typhidot
129
Test to check if patient thypoid
Widal test
130
= used to detect anti streptolysin o antibodies in a patient serum in case of streptococcus infection.
ASO test
131
Rpr
Rapid plasma reagin
132
Used to detect syphilis antibodies in patient serum.
Rpr
133
Syphilis antibodies
Reagin
134
sexually transmitted disease caused by or its reagent is treponema pallidum.
Syphilis
135
Syphilis is caused by or its reagent is
treponema pallidum.
136
antibody na nafoform sa serum niya pag naexpose sa treponema pallidum. Treponema pallidum exposure.
Reaginic antibodies
137
HIV testing is a test in blood banking
False it is in serology
138
= The procedures involved in collecting, storing and
processing blood and the distribution of RBC's and blood components.
Blood banking
139
How much blood in blood bag in one donor
450-500ml of blood
140
Anticoagulant in blood bag
ACDCPD ( anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose solution)
141
Temp. Of ref where blood is stored should be
2-8Celcius
142
= kukuhain components ng blood
Component preparation
143
academic knowledge and procedures
involving the study of the immunologic responses to blood
components.
Immunohematology
144
Reaction pagkatransfuse ng dugo.
Immunohematology
145
= The medical practice and techniques
associated with replacement of RBC's and blood components.
Transfusion medicine
146
Kinukuha sa dengua
Platelet
147
Sakit na sira rbc
Hemolytic anemia
148
Tests in blood banking
-> blood typing, compatibility testing, component preparation
149
pinakakilala and most applied in med practice
ABO and Rh grouping
150
99% of —- are Rh
99% of filipinos are Rh positive
151
Rh negative yung mga dugo ng
Caucasian or Indian ang mga Rh negative
152
Location of antigen
Red cell
153
according to ——, you will get your blood type.
antigen
154
Wala kang antigen a or b
= type O positive
155
2 types of blood typing:
→ forward and back typing
156
direct cell antigen or frontal
= employs undetermined RBC and known antibody or antisera
Forward typing
157
Reagent of forward typing
antibody or antisera
158
reagent can be colored ———contained in ———
Blue, yellow or white… dropping bottle
159
Yellow reagent
Anti b
160
Blue reagent
Anti a
161
White reagent
Rh reagent
162
Pag may white na reagent
Rh positive
163
Pag si red cell nagkaron ng attachment sa specific na antibody, magkakarong ng
agglutination
164
= employs undetermined serum and known rbc antigens
Back typing
165
Sample in back typing
Serum kase d2 antibody
166
Reagent jn back typing
Reagent: no antigen, no red cell.
167
includes series of test that will comprise of correct identification of donor and recipient
Compatibilty testing
168
2 stage of compatibility testing
Screening, test ,test for unexpected antibodies that will cause the transfusion reaction, ( cross matching]
169
pinaka major procedure of compatibility testing
Cross matching
170
2 type of cross matching
2 types: major and minor
171
Red cell of donor pagsasamahin tas titignan reaction against serum of patient. patient serum donor set.
Major cross match
172
paghahaluin donor’s serum and patient’s rbc
Minor cross match
173
In cross matching No reaction means.
compatible
174
prineprepare natin products from whole blood by mechanical methods especially centrifugation
Component preparation
175
prineprepare natin products from whole blood by mechanical methods especially ——-
Centrifugation
176
Parang malaking washing machine na malamig.umiikot ng mabilis na iba iba takbo. When you spin blood on different centrifugal force, youll be able to
derive fractions or components of blood.
177
Parang malaking washing machine na malamig.umiikot ng mabilis na iba iba takbo. When you spin blood on different centrifugal force, youll be able to derive fractions or components of blood.
refrigerated centrifuge.
178
Blood components in component preparation
red cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, fresh plasma and cryoprecipitate.
179
Shelf life of whole blood and reason for it
21/35 days due to ACDCD
180
Is whole blood refrigerated
Yes
181
Is rbc refrigerated
Yes
182
Shelf life of rbc
42 days
183
Shelf life of platelets
5 days
184
Platelets color
None. Colorless
185
Is platelet refrigerated
No…dapat room temp. with constant agitation to prevent clumping
186
Needs to ba in room temp. with constant agitation to prevent clumping
Platelet
187
Is plasma refrigerated
No it is frozen
188
Color of cryoprecipitated ahf
White
189
Why do we need to agitate platelets constantly
To avoid clumping. Madikit kase platelets pag di ginanto magcaclump sila
190
Other tests done in lab
-> drug testing, paternity testing, molecular pathology, PCR, IHC ( immunohisto chemistry)
191
Needed in Getting driver’s license
Drug testing
192
Drug testing is normally for
Shabu and marijuana
193
Confirmatory test in drug testing
= GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectronomy).
194
During collection of blood test may ginagamit na ganuto. 5 sheets of paper na kelangan fill upan ng magpapadrugtest para anytime na magcollect siya ng sample inoobserve ng medtech
ccf or custody in control form
195
Drug testing can be used in one of several different ways:
Medical screening
Legal or Forensic testing ( kinamatay)
Employment Drug testing ( bago ihire)
Sports/Athletic testing
196
Ecstasy. Colored pill or party drug
Amphetamine
197
Med sa may epilepsy
Barbiturates
198
Sleeping pill
Benzodiazepines
199
Drug for rich kids
Cocaine
200
Drug in Cough syrup
Opiates
201
= dapat every 4 hours lang yng jba nagooverdose
Pag above therapuatic levels na it couod be fatal
Aspirin
202
= determine wether a particular man is the biological father of a particular chikd
Paternity testing
203
combines histological, immunological and biochemical technique for identification of specific tissue components by means of specific antigens-antibody reaction tagged with a visible label
Immunohistochemistry
204
Sample in Immunohistochemistry
Tissue.
205
antigen antibody reaction galing dito
Tissue
206
Immunohistochemistry is detected through
Chemical
207
pwede malocate yung cancer cell, gene that causes illness of patient, abnormal protein.
Immunohistochemistry
