1st Year- Chapter 4-5

Question 1

How are fold mountains formed

Answer 1

When an coincidence plate and continental plate are pushed together and collide. The heavier oceanic plate sinks under the continental plate and sinks into the mantle. The continental plate bucks upwards and causing a fold mountain.

Question 2

Name the two scales used for measuring earthquakes

Answer 2

The Richter scale and the mercado scale and the mercalli scale

Question 3

What is the Richter scale

Answer 3

It is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake measuring 1-10

Question 4

What is the mercalli economy scale

Answer 4

It measures the damage of the earthquake from 1-12. It is and observational scale

Question 5

How do earthquakes occur

Answer 5

Plate movement caused by convection currents. Sometimes plates get stuck. Stress and pressure builds up in the rocks of the plates. Rocks bend under the pressure. Plates slip along the fault line. Energy is suddenly released. Shockwaves are sent to the earths surface resulting in an earthquake

Question 6

Where do earthquakes occur

Answer 6

Destructive,constructive and passive plate boundaries

Question 7

Name three waves to reduce impact of earthquakes

Answer 7

Earthquake resistant build

Question 8

Damage caused by earthquakes

Answer 8

Death,homes destroyed,transportation networks,burst gas and water pipes

Question 9

Ways to reduce the impacts of earthquakes

Answer 9

Emergency plans,earthquake drills,earthquake resist and buildings

Question 10

What are earthquakes

Answer 10

They are sudden vibrations or tremors in the earths crust

Question 11

What is orogeny

Answer 11

It is the tears used to describe a period/time of fold mt building

Question 12

Define alpine

Answer 12

30-34mya

Question 13

Define armorican

Answer 13

250mya

Question 14

Negatives of volcanic activities

Answer 14

Death-large volcanic eruptions can cause death and the destruction of property

Poise noes gases

Question 15

Name the three rock groups

Answer 15

Igneous,sedimentary,metamorphic

Question 16

Name the rocks in igneous

Answer 16

Basalt,granite

Question 17

Name the rocks in sedimentary

Answer 17

Limestone,sandstone,shales

Question 18

Name the rocks in metamorphic

Answer 18

Marble,quartzite

Question 19

What are passive/consative plate boundaries

Answer 19

Two plates slide past each other. Land is either created of destroyed. As the plates slide past each other they can get stuck, pressure builds resulting as a earthquake

Example-Pacific+North American plate

Question 20

What is a constructive plate boundry

Answer 20

At these plates the two plates separate. Cracks of fault lines occur on the crust. Magma pushes its way into the surface. New land is created. At these boundaries volcanoes/volcanic islands occur and so do earthquakes

Example- North American +Eurasian plate

Question 21

What’d is destructive plate boundaries

Answer 21

At this plate boundry two plates collide and land is destroyed. When one plate collide on plate sinks into the mantle and is destroyed. This is called subduction..at this boundaries earthquakes,volcanoes and fold mountains occur

Question 22

Name the seven major plates

Answer 22

African plate,
Antarctic plate
,Eurasian plate,
pacific plate
,Indo-Australia plate
,North American plate,
south American

Question 22

What are the convection currents

Answer 22

When the core heats the magma causing it to rise towards the crust it then cools down and falls. The cycle is endless

Question 23

What are igneous rocks

Answer 23

They are formed as a result of volcanic activity. Hot molten magma escapes from the mantle. It cools and solidifies quickly into rock on the earths surface or slowly deep inside the the crust

Question 24

What are sedimentary rocks

Answer 24

They are formed from the particles of the rocks dead plants and animals they were just deposited on Sea and lake beds as well as on land layers of this material built up over time and where compressed and cemented creating solid rock

Question 25

What are metamorphic rocks

Answer 25

They are formed from rocks that already exist they form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed into new harder rocks by great heat or pressure or sometimes both

Question 26

Name the formation colour use location for the Grannite rock

Answer 26

Formation-molten magma pushed its way into the crust and cooled and hardened there. As it cooled very slowly over millions of years the crystals formed are large ? Some crystals include quartz ,Mika, feldspar -colour of the Granite are you come from range is the light grey black pink and cream the use of Grannite are buildings worktops and fireplaces

Question 27

Name they use formation colour and the location of basalt

Answer 27

It was formed when lava spread out over surface of the Earth crust and cooled and harden the rock has tiny crystals which cannot be seen without use of my A microscope this is because the lava cold and hard and quickly in the open air when it's reached the surface The colours are grey and black They can be used for Road chippings You can find them in Antrim in the Giants Causeway

Question 28

What is the formation colour use location of limestone

Answer 28

At the bottom of warm shallow seas it is made from particles of cells and fossils that fell to the bottom of the sea and piled up over millions of years the weight compressed and cemented the particles into layers of solid rock Colour-grey Use-monuments building cement Location-The Burren co. Claire

Question 29

What is the formation colour use and location of sandstone

Answer 29

With sound that was worn away from the earths crossed the sound was carried by the wind and rivers then deposited in sees lakes and deserts where layers built up over time the layers were compressed and cemented together to form Stanson colour-reddish Use-patios and buildings Location the gatlees or macgillycuddy reeks

Question 30

What is the formation colour use and location of marble

Answer 30

When Limestone is put under a great heat or pressure changes into marble colour white red green black use floor tiles monuments fireplaces Location-Antrim ,cork,Kilkenny ,Galway

Question 31

What is the formation colour use and location of quartzites

Answer 31

When sandstone that was changed under a great heat or pressure colour -white grey use -watches and Road chippings and sandpaper and a glass location-the Sugarloaf in County Wicklow and Crow Park in county Mayo

Question 32

What is denudation

Answer 32

It is when the rocks and soil of the Earth crust are constantly being worn down because of a number of processes

Question 33

What are the two processes that make up dunudation

Answer 33

There are two processes that make up denudation are weathering and erosion

Question 34

What is weathering

Answer 34

Weathering means the breakdown of rocks in a specific area that is exposed to the weather

Question 35

Name two types of weathering

Answer 35

There are mechanical weathering and chemical weathering

Question 36

What is erosion

Answer 36

Erosion mean the breakdown of rocks and the removal of their particles

Question 37

What happens after The material has broken down from erosion

Answer 37

The material is then transported elsewhere and deposited

Question 38

Name three types of erosion

Answer 38

They are moving water erosion, moving ice erosion and moving wind erosion

Question 39

Name one type of mechanical weathering

Answer 39

One type of mechanical weathering is called the freeze thaw action

Question 40

Where does the freeze-thaw action occur

Answer 40

It occur in high up in mountainous areas where there are lots of precipitation and the temperature is regular re rise above and far below freezing point which is 0°C

Question 41

What is precipitation

Answer 41

It is when there is rain sleet or snow in an area

Question 42

Describe the freeze thaw action and give an examples

Answer 42

During the day water seeps into the cracks in the rocks at night temperatures fall below freezing point the water in the cracks freezes and expands putting pressure on the rocks overtime this process continues to occur weakening rock and eventually forcing a piece of it to break off the broken down rock then gathers up and is known as scree there is usually a buildup of scree at the base of the slope and example of this is crow Patrick in county Mayo

Question 43

What is chemical weathering

Answer 43

Chemical weathering is when the rocks are dissolved because of a chemical reaction one example of chemical weathering is called carbonation

Question 44

Name one example of Chemical weathering

Answer 44

Carbonation

Question 45

Describe Chemical weathering

Answer 45

As rain forms it takes in Carbondale dioxide from the atmosphere. the rainwater mixes with the carbon the dioxide to form a weak carbonic acid this weak carbonic acid has a huge effect on the Limestone rock because It is made up of 80% calcium carbonate the week carbonic acid reacts with calcium carbonate in the limestone and dissolves it as limestone is a permeable rock rainwater can further passed down through the rock

Question 46

Where else can come to weathering occur

Answer 46

Chemical weathering can also occur in tropical regions

Question 47

What are karst landscapes

Answer 47

It is an area where bare limestone rock is exposed to the weather. Here the soil has been removed by glaciation leaving the bear limestone rock exposed.

Question 48

Give an example of an karst landscape

Answer 48

One example of a kast landscape is the burren in County Clare