2/11 science test😕

Question 1

P waves

Answer 1

• primary
• faster
• goes through solid, liquids, gasses
• goes thru core
• compression wide
• longitudinal
• can bend between layer
• shadow zone: 105 - 140

Question 2

s waves

Answer 2

• secondary
• slower
• solids only
• stops at core
• shear wave
• transversal
• shadow zone- at 105

Question 3

Lithosphere

Answer 3

• brittle (breaks = quakes)
• includes all crust
• upper mantle

Question 4

Radio active elements

Answer 4

U- uranium
Th- thorium
K - potassium

Question 5

proclastic flow

Answer 5

Dense of very hot ash, solid lava pieces and hot gas that flow rapidly downslope at speed of 100 - 700 km/yr. Destroyed by both air and land.

Question 6

lava

Answer 6

slow creeping and burns everything in path

Question 7

Ring of fire

Answer 7

• 90% of world earthquakes
• 75% of worlds volcanoes
• 40,000 km long
• 22 of 25 largest eruptions occurred here
• pacific plate is the largest tectonic plate
• most of the active volcanoes are UNDERWATER

Question 8

Krakatoa

Answer 8

• 1883 eruption made the loudest sound in history
• heard 1000’s miles away
• many killed by proyclastic and tsunami (36000)
• hot ash shut up 80 km in the air
• temps dropped all over the world and lasted years
• darkened the sky for 5 days, red sunsets
• it collapsed into the caldera below sea level
• Anak Krakaita emerged in 1927
• shocked wave from the final explosion traveled the world 7 times in 5 days

Question 9

convection cells

Answer 9

rising and sinking of hot magma as it heats(less dense) and cools (denser) in the mantle. This also heats the earth

Question 10

divergent

Answer 10

• forms mid-ocean ridge
• seafloor spreading
• mid-Atlantic ridge runs through Iceland
• Basalt is the ingenious rock on seafloor
• underwater mountain chains

Question 11

Transform

Answer 11

most common reason for earthquakes b/c plates get stuck.

Question 12

convergent

Answer 12

• 2 plates collide
• creates volcanoes, mountains, trenches
• 3 types - ocean- continent , ocean - ocean, continent - continent

Question 13

mechanical layer

Answer 13

1. ) lithosphere
2. ) Asthenosphere
3. ) mesosphere
4. ) outer core
5. ) inner core

Question 14

compositional layers

Answer 14

• the crust (oceanic and continental)
• mantle
• core

Question 15

continental crust

Answer 15

• thicker
• less dense
• where we live

Question 16

oceanic crust

Answer 16

• thinner but denser
• will subduct under continental crust
• younger ocean crust

Question 17

Asthenosphere

Answer 17

sludgy like oobleck and toothpaste

Question 18

outer core

Answer 18

liquid

Question 19

inner core

Answer 19

• solid

- mostly iron, some nickle

Question 20

wagner

Answer 20

discovered. ..
- continental drift - all continents once together(Pangea) then the plates drifted apart to present day location
- evidence - fossils of plants/animals on different continents, continents fit like a puzzle

Question 21

plate boundaries

Answer 21

• convergent (subduction)
• divergent
• transform

Question 22

tectonic plates

Answer 22

movement is the most powerful force on earth

Question 23

marina trench

Answer 23

• crescent shaped
• 7 miles at the deepest point
• challenger deep, temp just above freezing
• James Cameron went down in a submersible for 3 hours to explore
• pacific ocean
• Mt Everest could fit inside and still miss ocean top by 2.1km
• 5 people gone down

Question 24

harry Hess

Answer 24

discovered seafloor spreading

Question 25

Appalachian mt

Answer 25

- rounded - colorful tress - 4 seasons - tallest peak (6400 ft) - Maine to north GA (eastern US) - 200 miles long - wildfires

Question 26

Rocky Mt

Answer 26

- Canada to New Mexico - tallest peak over 14000ft - snow-capped - jagged - steep - lots of rivers/ lakes - western US - 3000 miles - has wildfires

Question 27

Himalayas

Answer 27

- Asia - where Indian and Eurasian plate crash - jagged and steep ( many over 2000 ft) - Mt Everest is 8850km (29,000 ft) - avalanches - 300 have died climbing mt everst - 2900 km long

Question 28

volcanoes

Answer 28

- mostly found at "ring of fire" - 75% of "ring of fire" - pyroclastic flow - hot rock, poisonous, gases, burning ash bellows down the volcanoes. - kills more people - none on Australia - water will decrease the melting point in the mantle - emits water vapor and co2 - some form over hotspots like Hawaii and Yellowstone

Question 29

Earthquakes

Answer 29

- plates releasing the stress and energy in rocks - seismic waves - 80% are found in the ring of fire and at fault - New Madrid fault near Nashville and formed Reelfoot lake - San Andres fault is in CA - can trigger tsunamis - set off fires - japan 2011😭

Question 30

subdtuction happens ...

Answer 30

- when denser plates sink below the fewer plates slide back into the mantle - earth recycled itself - occurs around the ring of fire.

Question 31

studying how waves move

Answer 31

help scientise learn more about the interior of the earth.