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Question 1

What is the halftime for esmolol due to?

Answer 1

Hydrolysis 

Question 2

What is the onset and duration of esmolol?

Answer 2

 Onset is 5 minutes
Duration is 10 to 30 minutes

Question 3

What are two reasons you would not give esmolol?

Answer 3

AV heart block
Heart failure not caused by tachycardia

Question 4

What is a selective Beta 1 antagonist with rapid onset?

Answer 4

Esmolol

Question 5

What is the dose of esmolol?

Answer 5

 0.5 Mg/kg over 60 seconds

Question 6

What can be given two minutes before DL and how much? Why?

Answer 6

150 mg of Esmolol
Provides protection against increase in heart rate and SBP

Question 7

What two things can happen from a large IV bolus of precedex?

Answer 7

Bradycardia
Paradoxial hypertension

Question 8

What medication does precedex resemble in a large IV boluses? Why?

Answer 8

Phenylephrine
Due to cross over alpha-1 stimulation

Question 9

What drug has a 1600 to 1 affinity for alpha-2 receptors compared to alpha-1 receptors?

Answer 9

Dexmedetomidine (Precedex)

Question 10

What receptors do phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine work on?

Answer 10

Post synaptic alpha-1
Presynaptic alpha-2

Question 11

What is the normal dose of phenoxybenzamine?

Answer 11

0.5 - 1mg PO

Question 12

What is the drug of choice for prehospital management for pheochromocytoma?

Answer 12

Phenoxybenzamine

Question 13

Protein binding from greatest to least for beta blockers?

Answer 13

Propanolol > metoprolol > atenolol

Question 14

What three things do you see with Beta 1 receptor blockades

Answer 14

Slow sinus rate
Slows conduction of cardiac impulses through the AV node
Decreases inotrophy

Question 15

A person taking beta, adrengeric blockade medication, experiences life-threatening bradycardia and hypotension. What would you treat this overdose with?

Answer 15

Glucagon because it increases cAMP

Question 16

What are three side effects caused by labetalol?

Answer 16

Orthostatic hypotension (most common)
Bronchospasm
Fluid retention from prolonged therapy (use diuretics)

Question 17

What are two things regarding a labetalol therapy?

Answer 17

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Direct vasodilation

Question 18

What medication should be avoided in asthmatics?

Answer 18

Labetalol

Question 19

What two things does the initiation of labetalol cause?

Answer 19

Decrease in SVR by alpha-1 blockade
Attenuates tachycardia by Beta blockade

Question 20

What is not a Pharmalogical response from labetalol?

Answer 20

Release of catecholamines

Question 21

What type of medication is isoproterenol?

Answer 21

Beta 1 agonist.
It is not a beta blocker.

Question 22

What has the most potent beta 1 and beta 2 effects?

Answer 22

Isoproterenol

Question 23

What beta blocker does not interact with digoxin?

Answer 23

Clonidine

Question 24

What medication do calcium channel blockers increase the concentration of?

Answer 24

Digoxin

Question 25

A patient with pre-existing, cardiac conduction abnormalities may have a greater degree of AV heart block when given what two drugs?

Answer 25

Verapamil Digoxin

Question 26

What is the pathway that refers to processing of fats cholesterol and vitamins?

Answer 26

Exogenous

Question 27

What is the pathway that describes hepatic cholesterol synthesis and its distribution to tissue?

Answer 27

Endogenous

Question 28

What two drugs should be used with caution when giving a patient calcium channel blockers, like dantrolene?

Answer 28

Verapamil Diltiazem

Question 29

What are two things that verapamil can cause?

Answer 29

Negative Chronotropic affects Moderate vasodilation

Question 30

Verapamil has what kind of affects on inotrophy?

Answer 30

Negative

Question 31

What does verapamil do to coronary and systemic arteries?

Answer 31

Vasodilation

Question 32

What effects does the dextroisomer of verapamil have at slow calcium channels?

Answer 32

It’s devoid meaning no activity

Question 33

How does the dextroisomer of verapamil at on sodium channels?

Answer 33

Acts on fast sodium channels, accounting for local anesthesia effects

Question 34

Lidocaine, diazepam, and propanolol can increase the pharmacologically, active, unbound portion of which drug?

Answer 34

Verapamil

Question 35

What medication would you not give for an acute myocardial ischemia?

Answer 35

Verapamil

Question 36

True or false: Epi is a direct general agonist

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What medication increases conduction velocity and decreases refractory period?

Answer 37

Epi

Question 38

True or false: phenylephrine is purely alpha?

Answer 38

True