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Question 1

Top 6 elements in the body

Answer 1

1. Oxygen
2. Carbon
3. Hydrogen
4. Nitrogen
5. Calcium
6. Phosphorus

Question 2

Protons Charge and Mass contribution

Answer 2

Positive
+1 Mass

Question 3

Neutrons Charge and Mass contribution

Answer 3

None
1 Mass

Question 4

Electrons Charge and Mass contribution

Answer 4

Negative
0 mass

Question 5

Distinguish Atomic Mass and Atomic number

Answer 5

Atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element
Atomic number is just the number of protons in the nucleus of an element

Question 6

Isotopes and their level

Answer 6

Atoms that have the same number of protons but not the same number of neutrons
-Atomic level

Question 7

Ion and it’s level

Answer 7

Charger atom that has gained or lost valence electrons
Uneven protons and electrons
-Both atomic and molecular level

Question 8

Isomers and their level

Answer 8

Compounds that contain exactly the same level of atoms
-molecular level

Question 9

What is electro negativity

Answer 9

The measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons

Question 10

What are valence electrons

Answer 10

The electrons in the outermost shell it energy level of an atom

Question 11

Which elements in the periodic table are likely to form cations or anions

Answer 11

Halogens and alkaline metals

Question 12

What is a polar molecule ?

Answer 12

A neutral/ uncharged molecule

Question 13

What is Cohesion

Answer 13

The attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind

Question 14

What is adhesion

Answer 14

The attraction of molecules for other molecules of a different kind

Question 15

What does amphipatic mean

Answer 15

Both polar and non polar

Question 16

What are the pH ranges ?

Answer 16

0-6 Base
7 Neutral
8-14 Acidic

Question 17

What happens when there’s more hydrogen in a solution ?

Answer 17

It becomes less acidic

Question 18

Differences between dehydration and Hydrolysis

Answer 18

Dehydration synthesis builds up molecules and requires energy
Hydrolysis breaks down molecules and released energy

Question 19

DNA vs RNA

Answer 19

Dna is double stranded and has deoxyribose
Rna is single stranded and had ribose

Question 20

Protons and chemical symbols for Iron

Answer 20

26
Fe

Question 21

Neutrons and chemical symbol for Calcium

Answer 21

20
Ca

Question 22

Define matter and it’s 3 forms

Answer 22

Anything that takes up space
-Solid, liquid, gas

Question 23

What are the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 23

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 24

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table

Answer 24

They are listing in order of increasing atomic number

Question 25

Structure of an atom

Answer 25

Neutrons and Protons inside of the nucleus Electrons are in the orbit

Question 26

How are elements organized in the period table based on valence electrons ?

Answer 26

The number of valence electrons is the same within a column and increases from left to right

Question 27

Whats the octet rule ?

Answer 27

(atoms are more stable when their valence electrons are filled with 8 electrons )

Question 28

Differentiate Cations and Anions

Answer 28

Cations are ions positively charged Anions are ions negatively charged

Question 29

How are ions formed ?

Answer 29

they must gain or lose an electron

Question 30

How are charges assigned to atoms

Answer 30

Number of Protons - number of electrons = charge on ion

Question 31

Properties of water

Answer 31

Solvent Polar Both cohesive and adhesive

Question 32

Differences between solvent, solute, and solution

Answer 32

A solution is a mix of a solute dissolved into a solvent A solute is the substance being dissolved A solvent is able to dissolve other substances

Question 33

Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes

Answer 33

Electrolytes- compounds that conduct an electric current when in a solution or melted Non electrolytes don’t conduct currents

Question 34

Interactions of non polar substances

Answer 34

No polar molecules don’t interact with water or form hydration shells Example- fats and oils

Question 35

Are hydrophobic molecules polar or non polar

Answer 35

non polar

Question 36

Whats the pH of blood ?

Answer 36

7.4

Question 37

Neutralization vs Buffering

Answer 37

The pH changes during neutralization while it remains the same after adding a buffer solution

Question 38

How do buffers function to help maintain pH

Answer 38

They neutralize any added acid

Question 39

Define polymer

Answer 39

Any substance composed of several macromolecules

Question 40

Biological Macromolecules

Answer 40

Form through the process of polymerization and are generally polymers together in a long chain

Question 41

Properties of Carbohydrates

Answer 41

-Hydrophilic -Monosaccharides -For energy

Question 42

Properties of Lipids

Answer 42

-Hydrophobic -No monomer -For energy

Question 43

Properties of Nucleic Acid

Answer 43

-Hydrophilic -Nucleotide - Needed for Dna replication, transcription, translation

Question 44

Properties of Proteins

Answer 44

-Hydrophilic -Amino Acids - Defend, transport, help osmosis

Question 45

Overall Reaction for Cellular Respiration

Answer 45

C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O +ATP

Question 46

Levels of proteins

Answer 46

1 Amino Acids 2 Helix 3 Polypeptide chain/ tertiary structure 4 Quartenary structure

Question 47

Denaturation and it’s factors

Answer 47

The unfolding or breaking of a protein Can be caused by exposure to acids, bases, heating, and violent physical action

Question 48

DNA Replication properties

Answer 48

- Makes more Dna - Needs deoxyribose nucleotides - Involves polymerase - Happens in nucleus

Question 49

Transcription properties

Answer 49

-Makes DNA into mRNA - Involves RNA Polymerase -Uses Ribonucleotides - Happens in nucleus

Question 50

Translation properties

Answer 50

-Turns mRNA into protein -Involves Ribosomes - Happens in the cytosol of a ribosome