2/13- Phonological Processes PPT Flashcards
IC- thru 27 (38 cards)
What are the 3 types of phonological processes?
- Syllable structure simplification
- Substitution
- Assimilation
What is Syllable structure simplification?
Commonly reduces complexity of syllable structure of words
What is substitution?
one sound class replaces another
What is assimilation?
sounds take on qualities of those surrounding it
Which phonological processes fall under syllable structure simplification?
- unstressed syllable deletion or weak syllable deletion
- reduplication
- initial consonant deletion
- final consonant deletion
- epenthesis
- cluster reduction
What is unstressed syllable deletion or weak syllable deletion?
- weak/unstressed syllable omitted
[meto] for “tomato”
[ɛfənt] for “elephant”
What is reduplication?
- doubling of syllable
[bɑbɑ] for “bottle”
[mɑmɑ] for “mommy”
What is initial consonant deletion?
- Omission of first consonant in a word
[æt] for “bat”
[ɑg] for “dog”
What is a final consonant deletion?
- Omission of final consonant in a word.
[haʊ] for “house”
[mæ] for “match”
What is epenthesis?
- Adding an “unstressed” vowel (e.g., schwa)
[bəlu] for “blue”
[səpun] for “spoon”
what is cluster reduction?
- deletion/reduction of a cluster/blend (2 consonants together) partial vs. total
Partial: [tɔp] for “stop”; [dar] for “dark
Total: [æɡ] for “flag”; [pa] for “palm”, [da] for “dark”
Which phonological processes fall under substitution processes?
- Stopping
- deaffrication
- fronting
- backing
- depalatalization
- gliding
- vocalization
What is stopping?
- Stop for a fricative
[tup] for “soup”; [pʌn] for “sun”; [maʊt] for “mouse”
What is deaffrication?
- Stop or fricative for an affricate
[tɛr] for “chair”; [mæt] for “match”
what is fronting?
- Front for back or velar sound
[tæt] for “cat”; [bɪd] for “big”
What is backing?
- Velar for alveolar
[ɡɪɡ] for “dig”; [baɪk] for “bite”
What is depalatalization?
- Alveolar for palatal
- It no longer becomes a palatal sound
[tɛk] for “check”; [dun] for “June”; [mæts] for “match”
What is gliding?
- Glides /l, r/ for Liquids /w, j/
[wɪŋ] for “ring”; [jek] for “lake”
What is vocalization?
- Vowel for a syllablic liquid
- Syllablic liquid = /l, r/ takes on characteristic of syllable
[sɪmpo] for “simple”; [pepo] for “paper”
what are the assimilation processes?
- labial
- velar
- nasal
- alveolar
- prevocalic voicing
- postvocalic devoicing
what is labial? give an example
- bilabial for non-labial
- [bæb] for /bæd/; [pɛb] for /pɛn/
what is velar? give an example
- velar for nonvelar
- [kɔg] for /kɔp/
- [kɪk] for /kɪt/
- [gok] for /got/
what is nasal? give an example
- nasal for non-nasal
- [mæm] for /mæp/
- [nɑŋ] for /lɑŋ/
- [non] for /noz/
what is an alveolar? give an example
- alveolar for non-alveolar
- [tɑt] for /tɑp/
- [sut] for /sup/
- [lɛd] for /lɛg/
