غدد 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
To lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
True or False: The pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon.
True
What condition is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Fill in the blank: The _____ gland is responsible for regulating metabolism through the production of thyroid hormones.
thyroid
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ disease.
What hormone is primarily secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Cortisol.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a symptom of Cushing’s syndrome? A) Weight loss B) Hyperglycemia C) Hypotension
B) Hyperglycemia
What does the term ‘metabolic syndrome’ refer to?
A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
True or False: Hypothyroidism can lead to an increase in body weight.
True
What is the primary effect of glucagon?
To raise blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver.
Fill in the blank: The condition known as _____ occurs when the body produces excessive amounts of growth hormone.
acromegaly
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands (Addison’s disease).
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is responsible for calcium homeostasis? A) Insulin B) Parathyroid hormone C) Cortisol
B) Parathyroid hormone
What is the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine function?
It regulates the pituitary gland and controls the release of various hormones.
True or False: Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
True
What is the primary cause of secondary hypertension related to endocrine disorders?
Excess production of hormones such as aldosterone or catecholamines.
Fill in the blank: The _____ hormone promotes the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
estrogen
What is the primary diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus?
Fasting blood glucose test or HbA1c test.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus? A) Neuropathy B) Hypertension C) Osteoporosis
A) Neuropathy
What is the term for low blood sugar levels?
Hypoglycemia.
True or False: Addison’s disease results in excessive production of adrenal hormones.
False
What is the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
To stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the largest endocrine gland in the body.
thyroid
What is the typical treatment for hyperthyroidism?
Antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
