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EPPP Take 2 > 2/24/18 > Flashcards

2/24/18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Insight learning

A

Kohler.

Used caged chimpanzee.

Reflects an internal cognitive restructuring of the perceptual field and enhances the organism’s ability to achieve its goals

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2
Q

Bandura’s research found that

A
  • Boys and girls imitate same gendered models
  • Boys and girls equally imitated verbal aggression, but boys were more likely than girls imitate physical aggression
  • Providing incentive for physical aggression reduced gender difference
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3
Q

Backwards conditioning

A

When the CS follows the US

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4
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Consists of channels that transport proteins to other locations in the cell

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5
Q

Mild Intellectual Disability

A
  • May not be apparent until child is school age and has trouble with educational demands
  • Generally acquire communication and social skills during preschool years
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6
Q

Selection Ratio

A

Number of openings per number of applicants

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7
Q

Types of forward conditioning

A
  1. Delay conditioning
  2. Trace conditioning
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8
Q

Law of Effect

A

Responses to stimuli that produce a satisfying or pleasant state of affairs are more likely to occur.

Conversely, responses that produce a discomforting, annoying, or unpleasant effect are less likely to occur again.

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9
Q

Otitis media

A

An infection of the middle ear that can lead to hearing loss

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

A

Emotions result from perception of bodily sensations of physiological changes

i.e. We feel sad because we cry, we do not cry because we are sad

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12
Q

Fechner’s law

A

The physical stimulus changes are logarithmically related to their psychological sensations

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13
Q

Who is responsible for organizational citizenship behavior

A

Organ

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14
Q

Examples of cholinesterase inhibitors

A
  • Tacrine or Cognex
  • Donepezil or Aricept
  • Galantamine or Reminyl
  • Rivastigmine or Exelon
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15
Q

Rivastigmine or Exelon

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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16
Q

How to resolve ethical issues with colleagues

A

(1) First try informal resolution if appropriate
(2) Formal compliant if involves substantial harm or informal resolutions doesn’t work
(3) NEVER VIOLATE CONFIDENTIALITY

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17
Q

Prenatal etiologies for Intellectual Disability

A
  • Genetic syndromes
  • Inborn errors in metabolism
  • Brain malformations
  • Maternal disease
  • Environmental influences such as alcohol intake or other teratogens
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18
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

An increase in the frequency of a response by removing an aversive event immediately after the response is performed.

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19
Q

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

A

Developed by Schachter and Singer

States that emotions are the result of physiological arousal and cognition

Emotional experiences are defined by the way in which individuals interpret or appraise their physiological arousal and bodily responses to an event.

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20
Q

Tacrine or Cognex

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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21
Q

Delay conditioning

A

When the CS overlaps in time with the US

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22
Q

Validity Generalization

A

The extent to which a validity established in one setting with one sample can be generalized to another setting and sample

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23
Q

Conventional antipsychotics

A

Halo-zines

  • Chlorpromazine or Thorazine
  • Fluphenazine or Prolixin
  • Tiothixene or Narvane
  • Haloperidol or Haldol
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24
Q

Criterion-Related Validity Coefficient

A

Coefficient representing the usefulness of a predictor for predicting criterion outcomes

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25
Compensatory Conditioned Response
When the CR is the opposite of the UR Often develop to stimuli paired with unconditioned drug responses
26
What do high Criterion-Related Validity Coefficients mean?
High test scores tend to do better on performance measures
27
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Mainly affects people over 60 years of age is It is caused by defective absorption of CSF, in which the excess CSF enlarges the ventricles but does not increase pressure on the brain. It may result from injury, illness or infection although many people develop normal pressure hydrocephalus without an obvious cause. It typically starts with difficulty walking. Urinary incontinence often develops, along with a type of dementia marked by slowness of thinking and information processing.
28
Donepezil or Aricept
cholinesterase inhibitors
29
Forward conditioning
When the CS reliably precedes the US
30
Buckley Amendment
Also known as Family Educational Right to Privacy Act (FERPA) Protects the privacy of student school records May request that schools amend incorrect or misleading information Also limits disclosure of records
31
Classificiations of Intellectual Disability by Percentages
* Mild - 85% * Moderate - 10% * Severe - 3-4% * Profound - 1-2%
32
Severe Intellectual Disability
* Speech usually does not develop during early childhood, but may be acquired during school age years * Can learn basic self-care, but need more supervision
33
Comorbidity with Intellectual Disability
Up to 3-4x more likely to experience other mental, neurodevelopmental, and medical disorders or physical conditions
34
4 sections of the Ethics Code
1. Intro & Applicability 2. Preamble 3. General Principles 4. Ethical Standards
35
Bystander Effect
The phenomenon that people are less likely to help a person in need when other onlookers are present
36
Partial seizures
Usually start with uncontrollable twitching of a small part of the body and then can eventually affect the entire body.
37
Perinatal causes of Intellectual Disability
Labor and delivery events
38
What is myelin sheath made of?
Glial cells
39
Secondary reinforcer
Once paired with a reinforcing US, a CS coud become a reinforcer itself i.e. the bell (CS) paired with meat (US) and becomes a reinforcing stimulus without the presence of the meat
40
Latent learning
Learning without being reinforced to do so. Tolman showed that latent learning occurs and that reinforcement may be an important factor but not necessary for the learning of response.
41
Post-conventional level
Individuals view morality in terms of self-chosen principles, where one functions according to one’s own conscience, no matter what the conventional wisdom is.
42
Moderate Intellectual Disability
* Usually develop communication skills during early childhood * Can be trained to do unskilled work under close supervision
43
Postnatal causes of Intellectual Disability
* Hypoxic-ischemic injury * Traumatic Brain Injury * Infections * Seizure disorders * Metabolic toxins (i.e. mercury, lead)
44
Best assessment tool for Intellectual Disability and why
Stanford-Binet
45
How do Latinas experience psychological issues
As physical or spiritual in origin
46
Four observational learning processes
1. Attentional processes 2. Retention or memory processes 3. Production processes 4. Motivational processes
47
Parts of the basal ganglia
* Caudate nucleus * Putamen * Globus pallidus * Substantia nigra
48
Associated comorbid disorders with Intellectual Disability
* ADHD * Mood disorders * Pervasive Developmental Disorders * Stereotypic Movement Disorder * Impulse-control disorders * Major neurocognitive disorder
49
Most effective type of forward conditioning
Delay conditioning
50
Galantamine or Reminyl
cholinesterase inhibitors
51
Purpose of Ethics Code
To protect client’s welfare
52
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
When confronted with an arousing event, people first feel an emotion and then experience physiological reactions such as sweating, muscle tension, or trembling
53
What do high Criterion-Related Validity Coefficients help HR officers do?
Give confidence in their selection/screening procedures
54
Base Rate of Success
Unscreened employees who are currently successful on the job
55
Profound Intellectual Disability
* Communication skills and sensorimotor functioning are significantly impaired * Need nearly constant supervision * Benefit from 1:1 relationship
56
Reliability Coefficient (general)
A correlation that reflects the consistency and stability of a measure, over time, across equivalent forms, or among internal items
57
Percentage of undetermined etiology for Intellectual Disability
30-40%
58
When if a moderate to high validity coefficient for employee selection most useful
When the base rate is moderate and the selection ratio is low
59
When is a validity coefficient for employee selection _not_ useful
If the base rate of success is very high or very low
60
Pavlovian Conditioning
A pervasive and non-conscious form of learning in which an intially neutral stimulus is paired with another stimulus that is capable of eliciting a reflexive response, until eventually the previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response on its own
61
Trace conditioning
When there is an interval between the offset of the CS and the onset of the US
62
Who is William James
Father of American psychology Authored The Principles of Psychology
63
Criteria for Intellectual Disability
1. Deficits in intellectual functioning confirmed by clinical assessment and IQ 2. Marked deficits in adaptive functioning 3. Onset before age 18
64
Incremental Validity
The additional predictive validity that can be gains by adding more measurement devices to an assessment program
65
Taylor and Russell Use of Validity Coefficient in Selection of Employees
Usefulness of validity coefficient depends on selection ratio and base rate of sucsess
66
Intimacies with clients and supervisees
Clients: at least 2 years after treatment and would need to extreme circumstances to be ok. Supervisees/students: can't be current
67
Early Warning Signs for Intellectual Disability
May only be evident in more severe cases * Infant's lack of age-appropriate interest in the environment * Delays in motor development * Failure to make eye contact during feeding * May be less responsive to voice and movement * May be less ready to interact with their parents or other stimuli
68
Five (5) General Principles
1) Beneficence & Nonmaleficence 2) Fidelity & Responsibility 3) Integrity 4) Justice 5) Respect for people’s rights and dignity
69
Synchrony Effect (General)
The observation that optimal performance on tests is associated with studying that occurs during peak times of arousal
70
Observational/social learning
Bandura. Most complex human behaviors are learned by observing another person perform those behaviors, observational learning is useful for new behaviors and enhancing or inhibiting existing ones
71
Findings of Synchrony Effect
Young adults (18-23) do better when tested during the afternoon Older adults (60-75) tend to fare better when tested in the morning

EPPP Take 2 (1 decks)

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