2 Flashcards Preview

Replication & Transcription: DNA & RNA > 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2 Deck (18)
Loading flashcards...
0
Q

Prokaryotic DNA

A

Circular genome,bacteria, single origin of replication

1
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Reads the bases during genome replication, adds Deoxyribonucleotides to growing chain during DNA replication- enzyme composed of multiple protein subunits - catalyzes the breaking of phosphate bond and forming of new bond- needs to be able to see a polymer of nucleic acids -jumps to synthesize new sections of DNA

2
Q

Semi-conservative DNA Replication

A

Daughters strands made of half old material and half new material

3
Q

Some Anti-viral drugs

A

Inhibit phosphorylase step in DNA replication

4
Q

Helicase

A

Melts/separates and unwinds the two strands of DNA- unwinds and melts ds DNA at the replication fork

5
Q

Leading strand

A

DNA polymerase can add bases continuously

6
Q

Lagging strand

A

DNA template is unwinding in the 5 to 3 direction so bases can’t be added linearly

7
Q

Okazaki fragments

A

Created by discontinuous synthesis of DNA strand

8
Q

Primase

A

2nd enzyme in DNA replication, makes small handle for DNA polymerase to hang onto- adds RNA primers to leading and lagging strands - associated with DNA polymerase alpha

9
Q

DNA ligase

A

Seals gaps/joins backbone together when the DNA Polymerase makes jump to new DNA section

10
Q

DNA poly alpha

A

Extends RNA primer about 30 bases

11
Q

DNA poly epsilon

A

Continues extension of leading strand

12
Q

DNA plot delta

A

Continues extension of lagging strand

13
Q

Topoisomerase

A

Transiently breaks DNA to relieve toritional strain of infringing by Helicase (May be called gyrate in prokaryotes)

14
Q

Eukaryotic DNA

A

Linear genomes, multiple origins of replication and when replication bubbles meet, ligase glues together the ends

15
Q

End replication problem with Eukaryote DNA

A

An RNA primer is needed in order to start a chain but an overhang is produced by it - can’t extend all the way to the end with DNA synthesis - telomerase solves this problem

16
Q

Telomerase

A

Fills the gap left by RNA primer that initiates replication of last Okazaki fragment - it is RNA and protein - determines end strand pattern of bases

17
Q

Telomerase expression

A

A way to bypass cells lifespan and make it immortal - high expression in stem and cancer cells