2 3 And 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Discourse Analysis (DA)?
: A discipline that studies language in use, considering social and historical contexts
According to Brown and Yule, how is discourse analysis defined?
The analysis of language in use, the analysis of texts.”
What does discourse analysis examine beyond what is said?
Social context, historical context, speaker’s background, and intended audience
What are the three components of the context of situation, according to Halliday?
Field (what is happening), Tenor (relationship between participants), and Mode (type of language used). Field (what is happening), Tenor (relationship between participants), and Mode (type of language used).
What is texture in discourse?
The property of being a text, perceived through coherence and cohesion.
What is an example of cohesion through reference in a sentence?
Read all the books… bring them back” – “them” refers to “books”.
What is cohesion?
The semantic relation between elements that helps interpretation within a text.
What are the five cohesive devices according to Halliday and Hasan?
Reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion.
What is exophoric and endophoric reference?
Exophoric refers to outside the text; endophoric refers to within the text
What is substitution in cohesion?
Replacing an element with another to avoid repetition (e.g., “a sharper one”)
What is ellipsis?
Omitting elements that are understood from context to avoid repetition.
What is conjunction in cohesion?
Linking ideas with words like and, but, or, so, showing logical relations.
‘What are the types of conjunctions?
Cumulative, alternative, adversative, and illative.
What is lexical cohesion?
Unity through vocabulary choices related by meaning, including reiteration and collocation.
What is reiteration in lexical cohesion?
Repetition of words or using synonyms (e.g., “car” and “the car”).
What is collocation in lexical cohesion?
Words that commonly appear together in the same context (e.g., ice, snow, cold).
What is coherence in a text?
The logical and semantic unity that makes a text understandable as a whole.
What does coherence depend on?
The reader’s interpretation based on experience and the unity of meaning among elements.
What is linear or sequential coherence?
Logical ordering of sentences, as seen in instructions or recipes.
What are “missing links” in discourse?.
Unstated elements that are inferred, e.g., “Out of sight…” → “…out of mind”.
