2 3 And 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
: What is phonology?
The study of the sound systems of languages and how phonemes are organized and used.
What is a phoneme?
The smallest unit of meaningful sound in a language.
How does phonology differ from phonetics?
Phonology studies meaningful sound contrasts (phonemes) in a specific language, while phonetics studies all possible human speech sounds.
What system is used to represent phonemes?
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
How many phonemes does English typically have?
Around 44 phonemes: 24 consonants and 20 vowels.
What is Received Pronunciation (RP)?
A British accent considered standard, also known as “BBC English” or “the Queen’s English.”
What is a consonant?
A speech sound made by obstructing airflow using articulators like the tongue, lips, or teeth.
What are the three main features to classify consonants?
Phonation, Place of Articulation, and Manner of Articulation.
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What is phonation?
Whether the vocal cords vibrate (voiced) or not (voiceless) when producing a sound.
Give examples of voiceless consonants.
p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /ʧ/, /h/
Give examples of voiced consonants.
b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/, /ʤ/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /w/, /j/
What is “place of articulation”?
: The location in the vocal tract where the airflow is obstructed to create a consonant sound.
Name 3 places of articulation with examples.
Bilabial (/p/, /b/), Alveolar (/t/, /d/, /n/), Velar (/k/, /g/, /ŋ/).
What is “manner of articulation”?
. How the airflow is modified by the articulators when producing a sound.
. Name and define 4 manners of articulation.
Plosive – complete stop and release (/p/, /b/); Fricative – narrow airflow (/f/, /v/); Nasal – airflow through nose (/m/, /n/); Affricate – plosive + fricative (/ʧ/, /ʤ/).
What are some major differences between English and Spanish consonants
English has more fricatives and affricates, a glottal /h/, /v/, and /ŋ/, while Spanish has palatal /ɲ/ and /ʎ/.
Why is the English /r/ difficult for Spanish speakers?
Because Spanish uses a tapped or trilled /r/, while English uses a softer approximant /ɹ/.
What is a common mispronunciation of English words starting with /s/ for Spanish speakers?
Adding an /e/ sound before: “school” becomes “eschool.”
Why do Spanish speakers often omit the /h/ in English?
Because /h/ is not pronounced in most Spanish dialects.
What is a typical Andalusian Spanish feature that affects English pronunciation?
Omission of final /s/ in plurals or third-person verbs (e.g., “he plays” pronounced as “he play”).
