2 Animal Structure

Question 1

Gallus domesticus

Answer 1

Chicken

Question 2

Melleagris gallopavo

Answer 2

Turkey

Question 3

Anas platyrhyncha

Answer 3

Duck

Question 4

Equus caballus

Answer 4

Horse

Question 5

Bos taurus

Answer 5

European cattle

Question 6

Bos indicus

Answer 6

Tropical cattle

Question 7

Ovis aries

Answer 7

Sheep

Question 8

Capra hircus

Answer 8

Goat

Question 9

Sus scrofa

Answer 9

Swine

Question 10

Age/sex specific terms: chickens

Answer 10

Chick- baby
Pullet- pre-laying hen
Cockerel- juvenile male
Capon- castrated male
Hen- adult female
Rooster- adult male

Question 11

Age/sex specific terms: turkeys

Answer 11

Poult- baby
Hokie- castrated male
Hen- adult female
Tom- adult male

Question 12

Age/sex specific terms: horses

Answer 12

Foal- baby
Filly- female baby
Colt- male baby
Gelding- castrated male
Mare- adult female
Stallion- adult male

Question 13

Age/sex specific terms: cows

Answer 13

Calf- baby
Heifer- pre-puberty female
Steer- castrated male
Cow- adult female
Bull- adult male

Question 14

Age/sex specific terms: swine

Answer 14

Piglet- baby
Gilt- juvenile
Barrow- castrated male
Sow- adult female
Boar- adult male

Question 15

Age/sex specific terms: sheep

Answer 15

Lamb- baby
Ewe lamb- female baby
Ram lamb- male baby
Wether- castrated male
Ewe- adult female
Ram- adult male

Question 16

Age/sex specific terms: goats

Answer 16

Kid- baby
Doeling- baby girl
Buckling- baby boy
Wether- castrated male
Doe- adult female
Buck- adult male

Question 17

Name beef cuts left to right and top to bottom

Answer 17

Chuck/brisket/shank
Rib/plate
Short loin/flank
Sirloin/tenderloin/top sirloin/bottom sirloin
Round/shank

Question 18

Name the pork cuts left to right and top to bottom

Answer 18

Jowl
Boston butt/picnic shoulder/foot
Loin/spare rib/side
Ham

Question 19

That are the parts of a vertebrate

Answer 19

Centrum
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process

Question 20

What is a t-bone steak

Answer 20

A cut containing the lumbar vertebrate

Adjacent to spinous process:
Erector spinae (strip loin)
-Iliocostalis (most distal)
-Longissimus (medial)
-Spinalis (most medial)

Adjacent to articular process:
Psoas muscle (tenderloin)

Question 21

What is a birds tail bone called?

Answer 21

Pygostyle

Question 22

What is a birds sternum called?

Answer 22

Keel bone, pectoralis major attaches here

Question 23

What bone in birds is analagous to the scapula process and evolved for flight?

Answer 23

Coracoid

Question 24

What muscles pull a birds wings up/down?

Answer 24

Pectoralis major (down)
Pectoralis minor (up)

Question 25

How does the respiratory system of a bird look?

Answer 25

9 air sacs Air sacs filled with inhalation Air sacs are emptied through the lungs on exhalation

Question 26

Hypothalamus hormones

Answer 26

GnRH GnIH

Question 27

Adeno-hypophysis (anterior pituitary) hormones

Answer 27

LH FSH Prolactin TSH ACTH GH

Question 28

Ovary hormones

Answer 28

Estrogen Progesterone

Question 29

Testes hormones

Answer 29

Testosterone

Question 30

Adrenal cortex hormones

Answer 30

Cortisol Corticosterone (birds)

Question 31

Neuro-hypophysis (posterior pituitary) hormones

Answer 31

Oxytocin ADH

Question 32

Pancreas hormones

Answer 32

Insulin Glucagon

Question 33

What is the hypothalamic-adenhypiphyseal-gonadal axis?

Answer 33

Hypothalamus- releasing hormones (GnRH) Andenohypophysis- gonadotrophins (FSH, LH) Gonads- steroids (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone)

Question 34

Mare reproductive cycle

Answer 34

Puberty: 18 months Estrous cycle: 21 days Estrus length: 5 days Gestation: 336 days (11 months)

Question 35

Cow reproductive cycle

Answer 35

Puberty: 4-24 months Estrous cycle: 21 days Estrus length: 18 hours Gestation: 282 days (9 months)

Question 36

Ewe reproductive cycle

Answer 36

Puberty: 4-12 months (first fall) Estrous cycle: 16.5 days Estrus length: 24-28 hours Gestation: 150 days (5 months)

Question 37

Sow reproductive cycle

Answer 37

Puberty: 3-7 months Estrous cycle: 21 days Estrus length: 2 days Gestation: 114 days (3m 3w 3d)

Question 38

What causes ovulation

Answer 38

A surge of LH (also estrogen and FSH)

Question 39

What produces progesterone in birds vs mammals

Answer 39

Birds: the largest follicle Mammals: corpus luteum

Question 40

How do chickens come into lay

Answer 40

Photostimulation

Question 41

Corpus albican

Answer 41

Scar from corpus lutem

Question 42

How do how estrous cycles get syncronized?

Answer 42

2 doses of PGF2-alpha - break down corpus luteum -stop estrous cycle, abort, cause uterine contraction

Question 43

What kinds of follicles do hens have, what connects them, which become layed eggs

Answer 43

Large white Large yellow Small white Small yellow Stroma connects them LYF are laid, take 1 day to form shell

Question 44

What is the sperm storage tubule in hens

Answer 44

A spot where sperm is nourished and stored, can do 1 fertilization per week

Question 45

Where are chicken eggs fertilized

Answer 45

Infundibulum

Question 46

Magnum

Answer 46

Thin/thick albumen applied

Question 47

Isthmus

Answer 47

Incomplete shell membrane

Question 48

Shell gland (sorta uterus)

Answer 48

Shell is deposited (colour)

Question 49

How many oviducts do chickens have

Answer 49

1 (left), 1 vestigal (right)

Question 50

How are eggs protected from feces

Answer 50

Vagina is everted

Question 51

What do birds have instead of a corpus luteum

Answer 51

Post ovulatory follicle, doesnt do anything

Question 52

What are the layers of an egg shell from outside to inside

Answer 52

Cuticle Calcareous layer Outer shell membrane Inner shell membrane Outer thin albumen Air cell (bottom) Firm albumen Inner thin albumen Chalaziferous albumen

Question 53

What are the layers of an egg yolk from outside to inside What is attached to it

Answer 53

Yolk Germinal disc Dark yolk layer Light yolk layer 2 Chalazae

Question 54

S shaped penis is also called

Answer 54

Sigmoid penis