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Immunology (Miller) > #2 Antibody Structure 01.08 > Flashcards

#2 Antibody Structure 01.08 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an Ab?

A

secreted version of Ig produced by a B cell

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2
Q

what is an Ig?

A

antigen binding molecule of a B cell

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3
Q

Ab and Ig (of the B cell receptor) are ___

A

identical

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4
Q

what is the difference between Ab and Ig?

A

they are the same, but…
Ab are the secreted form
Ig are the membrane bound form

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5
Q

Ab are produced in large quantities by

A

plasma cells

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6
Q

what are plasma cells?

A

fully differentiated B cells

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7
Q

each Ab produced by a B cell has the same/different specificity for antigen

A

EXACT same

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8
Q

B cells can become

A

memory cell

plasma cell

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9
Q

Ab are produced by

A

B cells

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10
Q

what stimulates the B cell to develop into plasma cell?

A

encounter with antigen

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11
Q

what is the sole purpose of plasma cells?

A

to secrete Ab

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12
Q

each Ab has __ light chain and __ heavy chain. each, respectively, are ___.

A

2 heavy
2 light
identical

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13
Q

B cells : ____ :: T cell : ____

A

heavy and light chains

beta and alpha chains

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14
Q

light chain is composed of how many constant and how many variable? heavy chain?

A

light: 1 constant, 1 variable
heavy: 1 variable, 3 constant

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15
Q

how many types of light and heavy chains are produced by a single B cell?

A

a single type for each

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16
Q

why is the constant region termed so?

A

rarely has mutations

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17
Q

the N-termini of the Ab is where?

A

antigen-binding regions are

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18
Q

the C-termini of the Ab is where?

A

the base of the Fc region

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19
Q

what connects the two parts of the heavy chain?

A

hinge region

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20
Q

what special trait characterizes the Fc region just below the double bond?

A

two heavy chains of Fc region are connected by 2 disulfide bonds

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21
Q

name 3 points in the Ab where diS bonds exist

A
  • heavy-to-heavy chains in Fc region
  • light-to-heavy in Fab region
  • intra-chain within heavy chain and light chain Ig domains
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22
Q

why is the variable region termed so?

A

that’s where variation occurs for antigen binding

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23
Q

what forms the Ig domains on an Ab?

A

alternating beta sheets

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24
Q

what is similar between the light chain v and c domains?

A

intra-chain diS bond

alternating beta sheets/beta barrel arrangement

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25
does the loop in the light chain c domain have affect on antigen binding? what about the loop in the v domain? why?
c: no v: yes! hyper-variable
26
where is the hyper-variable region (HVR) of Ab molecule? what structure thingy is this in?
light chain v region | the loops
27
what occurs between hyper-variable region (HVR)?
framework regions
28
does the hyper-variable region (HVR) have variability in aa sequence? what about the framework region?
yes! this is how you can bind diff antigens no. can't tolerate changes to structure, will lose function
29
what is an antigen?
any molecule that is bound by an antibody/BCR or TCR
30
T cells will bind only
linear peptides/epitopes
31
Ab binding is ___ and :: reversible/not reversible
covalent | reversible
32
the higher the binding strength/affinity of an Ab...
the longer the antigen will remain covalently bound
33
what 4 interactions mediate Ab binding?
1. electrostatic forces 2. hydrophobic interactions 3. Van Der Waals 4. H bonding
34
Ab can bind to
``` native or denatured proteins (unless discontinuous epitope) peptides carbs nucleic acids sm molecules and chem soluable or particulate antigens ```
35
linear epitope v. discontinuous epitope
linear: aa string in a row discon: formed by 2* or 3* structure of protein :: if protein denatured, can't bind
36
most antigens are ___ antigens
multivalent
37
what is a multivalent antigen?
antigen has multiple epitopes/binding areas
38
can an antigen have different epitopes/determinants on it ?
yes :: each bound by diff Ab
39
what is a determinant?
portion of antigen that Ab binds, same as epitope
40
what serves as a bridge between the innate and acquired immune systems?
secreted Ab
41
what are the 2 roles of Ab in immune response?
1. opsonization + sensitization | 2. neutralization
42
what is opsonization?
marking microbes for destruction by phagocytes
43
what is ADCC?
NK cells Ab dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
44
name the 5 isotypes of Ab
``` IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE ```
45
which Ab have 3 constant regions + 1 hinge region?
"GDA" (GD Assholes): IgG IgD IgA
46
which Ab have 4 constant regions + 0 hinge regions?
"ME": IgM IgE
47
which Ab has subtypes? how many? why do they differ?
- IgG - 4 subtypes - hinge region structure is different :: varying amounts of diS bonds
48
which 2 Ab have subtypes?
IgG | IgA
49
each Ab produced by a B cell has the ___ antigen ___
EXACT SAME | specificity
50
can a B cell be signaled to produce a diff Ab isotype?
yes | this is called Isotype Switching
51
what region is altered in isotype switching? what is not altered?
- only the constant region | - specificity
52
what Ab can be excreted as multimers?
IgA | IgM
53
which Ab is ALWAYS secreted as a multimer? which has the option?
always: IgM, pentameric optional: IgA, dimeric
54
what joins a multimeric Ab together?
J chain
55
what is the special catch about IgM's multimeric v. monomeric forms?
monomeric: in membrane of cell, 2 binding domains multimeric: when secreted, 10 binding domains (ALL IDENTICAL)
56
which Ab has the highest molecular weight? why?
IgM | because it is secreted as a pentamer
57
what Ab is associated with mucosa?
(dimeric) IgA
58
what Ab has longest half life?
IgG
59
what Ab is most important in B cell immune response?
IgG
60
what Ab has the highest concentration in serum, i.e., is most abundant?
IgG
61
what Ab has a serum level of 0 and is hardly ever secreted?
IgD
62
what Ab has a deceptively low serum concentration? why?
IgE | because it is bound by mast cells
63
what Abs are responsible for neutralization?
IgA | IgG
64
what Ab are responsible for opsonization and sensitization (for NK cell ADCC)?
IgG | specifically, IgG1 + IgG3
65
what is sensitization?
prepping for NK cells' ADCC
66
what Ab is responsible for the sensitization of mast cells?
IgE | this is it's only job!
67
what Ab is found in mucosal secretions? give example.
IgA | breast milk
68
what Ab is the most efficient activator od the complement cascade?
IgM
69
what Ab can diffuse into extravascular sites?
IgG
70
what Ab can transport across the placenta? what does this mean?
IgG specifically, IgG1> IgG3, IgG4 that it is found in newborns
71
which Abs protect newborns? how?
IgG: placental barrier IgA: breast milk
72
what is the function of the Fc region?
to bind: - complement proteins - Fc receptors
73
what is the function of the Fab region?
to bind antigens
74
what part of the Ab contains the variable region?
Fab
75
what enzyme cleaves the 2 Fab regions from the Fc region?
papain
76
what Ab is the most efficient activator od the complement cascade?
IgM
77
what Ab can diffuse into extravascular sites?
IgG
78
what Ab can transport across the placenta? what does this mean?
IgG specifically, IgG1> IgG3, IgG4 that it is found in newborns
79
which Ab is found in newborns?
IgG
80
what is the function of the Fc region?
to bind: - complement proteins - Fc receptors
81
what is the function of the Fab region?
to bind antigens
82
what part of the Ab contains the variable region?
Fab
83
what enzyme cleaves the 2 Fab regions from the Fc region?
papain

Immunology (Miller) (4 decks)

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