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Geography > 2. Asia > Flashcards

2. Asia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest mountain range?

A

Himilayas

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2
Q

Which two rivers flow from the Himalayas into the Bay of Bengal?

A
  • The Ganges
  • Brahmaputra
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3
Q

What two countries do these rivers flow through?

A
  • Bangladesh
  • India
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4
Q

Which countries are island chains?

A
  • Indonesia
  • Japan
  • Philippines
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5
Q

Three largest countries?

A
  • Russia
  • China
  • India
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6
Q

Total number of countries in Asia?

A

48

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7
Q

Total population of Asia?

A

4.56 billion

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8
Q

Two most populous countries in Asia?

A
  • China
  • India
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9
Q

How is Asia diverse in physical geography?

A

Topography:
- flat areas eg. Bay of Bengal & Sundarbarns
- mountainous areas eg. Himalayas, Western & Easter Ghats, Tian Shan

Ecosystems:
- deserts eg. Gobi in Mongolia & northern China
- rainforests eg. Borneo in Malaysia
- coral reefs eg, Apo reefs in Philippines
- mangrove eg. Sundarbans in Bangladesh

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10
Q

How is Asia diverse in human geography?

A

Development:
- variety in HDI
- Afghanistan = 0.57
- China = 0.76
- variety in GNI/capita
- Afghanistan = $1,680
- China = $11,880

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11
Q

Name 3 LIC’s

A

Low income countries:
- Nepal
- Afghanistan
- Iran

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12
Q

Name 3 NIC’s

A

Newly industrialised countries:
- Indonesia
- India
- China

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13
Q

Name 3 HIC’s

A

High income countries:
- Japan
- Singapore
- South Korea

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14
Q

How did the floods in 2017 in south Asia have a social impact?

A
  • 10,000 people were forced out of their homes
  • 1200 people died
  • 500 killed in Bihar (eastern state in India)
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15
Q

How did the floods in 2017 in south Asia have an economic impact?

A
  • Mumbai (significant city) was brought to a standstill
  • Repair the damage
  • Difficult to start economy again
  • Aid agencies would cost money
  • Lots of infrastructure damaged
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16
Q

How did the floods in 2017 in south Asia have a environmental impact?

A
  • Damages natural area
  • Damages wildlife and their habitats
  • Weeks after flooding 1/3 of Bangladesh still underwater
17
Q

Physical causes of flooding in Bangladesh?

A
  • the Himalayas and Bangladesh have a heavy monsoon season and the last few years have been wetter than usual
  • Due to the size of the rivers water is carried very quickly into Bangladesh
  • Bangladesh is a low, flat country meaning 80% of it is only 6 metres above sea level
  • The rivers easily overflow their banks
18
Q

Human cause of flooding in Bangladesh?

A
  • Due to the rapid population growth trees have been cut down to make room for infrastructure
  • Trees would be used to absorb some of the water and slow it down, more water going into the rivers
  • The natural land can no longer store water as it have been used by buildings
19
Q

What is a delta?

A

When a river splits off into smaller streams and meets the sea

20
Q

What is a confluence?

A

The point in which two or more rivers meet

21
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of people in a given area

22
Q

Why do some areas have a low population density?

A

Areas near the desert all have a low population density as it as a hostile climate/ environment which make it unsuitable living conditions for humans

This could also mean that the area has not much access to basic requirements eg. water

23
Q

How do you calculate population density?

A

number of people/area

24
Q

Densely populated areas?

A
  • East Asia (China, South Korea, South Japan)
  • South Asia (India, Indonesia)
  • more than 300 people per km3
25
Q

Sparsely populated areas?

A
  • Central Asia (west China)
  • West Asia (middle east)
  • roughly 1 person per km2
26
Q

Why do some areas have a high population density?

A

Areas such as near a river or by the coast are densely populated as the residents would have easy access to supplies such as water.

Areas that have lots of infrastructure are also densely populated as people have very easy access to certain facilities such as schools and hostpitals

27
Q

How has the population in Asia changed in recent years?

A

The population has increased exponentially, very rapid growth since 1950

28
Q

Factors of sparsely populated areas?

A
  • Cold climate
  • No natural resources for building or fuel
  • Remote location
  • Steep slopes
29
Q

Factors of densely populated areas?

A
  • Flat land
  • Fertile soild for growing crops
  • At a river mouth for a port
  • Lots of industry and offices for jobs
30
Q

Describe stage 1 in the Demographic Transition Model

A
  • High BR and DR not much difference between the two, fluctuates slightly due to war, famine and disease
  • Population is increasing at a very slow rate
  • High BR due to the high infant mortality rate so more children were born to replace the others, children were needed for jobs and religious morals were very strong
  • eg, Niger today or UK before 1780
31
Q

Describe stage 2 in the Demographic Transition Model

A
  • BR still maintained from stage 1, still and slight fluctuation due to strong religious morals, lack of family planning, no contraception, children were needed to earn money
  • DR rapidly and suddenly decreased due to improvements in healthcare, better sanitation cleaner sewers better food and water supply & education
  • Population growth at a more rapid rate
  • eg UK 1780-1880 or Afghanistan today
32
Q

Describe stage 3 in the Demographic Transition Model

A
  • Natural and rapid decrease in the BR, falling infant mortality rate, law against child labour and diet and medical care improved, no need for many children
  • DR still decreasing but at a slower rate, medical care such as vaccines, better hygiene
  • Population growing at a similar rate to stage 2
  • eg UK 1880-1940 or Brazil today
33
Q

Describe stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model

A
  • BR is still decreasing but at a much smaller rate, fluctuating slightly, due to the emancipation and education of women, more jobs etc, chose wealth over families, later marriage and childbirth, range of family options
  • DR has almost stopped decreasing, very very slow, better medication eg transplants
  • BR and DR eventually become the same at the end
  • Population still growing but the rate has slowed down a lot
  • eg UK today
34
Q

Describe stage 5 in the Demographic Transition Model

A
  • only a prediction
  • BR may fall below than the DR, natural decrease in population
  • DR increases slightly due to an aging population, natural
  • eg. Russia and Japan today
35
Q

Describe the Japanese population pyramid

A
  • stage 5 in the DMT
  • narrow base, low birthrate, small population of young dependants (15 below)
  • gradually grows wider, aging population, death rate rises in older ages, more elderly dependants
  • overall declining population and low death rate
  • It is a MEDC
36
Q

What does it say about Japan?

A
  • the have a good food and water supply , later and fewer marriages, later childbirth and family planning
  • challenges: large aging population, elderly need money for housing and healthcare, low BR means less people for jobs, smaller workforce means less taxes, so the government cannot pay for public services like elderly pensions
  • Pro natalist, encouraging more births, supporting working mothers, roberts to help the elderly, increased inward migration
37
Q

Describe the Afghan population pyramid

A
  • stage 2 in the DTM
  • broad base, high BR, large popularity of young dependants
  • narrow apex, less people living to a higher age
  • sides not as concave, death rate starting to lower
  • overall increasing population
  • it is a LEDC
38
Q

What does it say about Afghanistan?

A
  • poor medical care, lack of education and children may need to work for income, religious values may promote large families, lack of family planning, contraception
  • they are trying to reduce the amount of young dependants as it could lead to a strain on healthcare and education services
  • anti-natalist, trying to promote contraceptives, war and conflict, repression of women, culture and religion promote large families
39
Q

How has China physically grown rapidly in economics?

A
  • its location is near Japan and South Korea which both have a good economy
  • Has long coasts/ ports which are good for shipping
  • It is the third highest country with most mineral resources
  • largest consumer and producer of coal

Geography (7 decks)

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