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Microbilogy > 2- Bacteriology > Flashcards

2- Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Ttt of staph aureus infections ?

A

Drugs of choice : Nafcillin / Oxacillin
For topical ttt : Mupirocin
For MRSA : Vancomycin
For VRSA : Quinupristin / Dalfopristin

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2
Q

Ttt of strept pyogens ?

A

Beta lactam drugs

Macrolides ( in case of penicillin allergy )

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3
Q

CAMP factor ?

A

Polypeptide which complements the sphingomyelinase of S aureus to create an enhanced hemolytic pattern in shape of arrowhead

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4
Q

Strept agalactiae hydrolyzes ?

A

Hippurate

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5
Q

Ttt of strept agalactiae ?

A

Ampicillin with aminoglycosides or cephalosporins

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6
Q

Infections that predispose to infection with strept pneumoniae ?

A

Antecedent influenza

Measles infection

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7
Q

Pneumolysin O actions ?

A

Damages respiratory epithelium by :
Inhibits leukocyte respiratory burst
Inhibits classical complements fixation

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8
Q

Strept pneumoniae is the most common cause for ?

A

Typical pneumonia
Adult meningitis
Otitis media and sinusitis in children

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9
Q

Most common cause of neonatal meningitis ?

A

Strept agalactiae

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10
Q

Quellung rection is positive with ?

A

Strept pneumoniae infection

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11
Q

Ttt of strept pneumoniae infections ?

A

1- bacterial pneumonia —> beta lactams
2- adult meningitis —> ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
3- otitis media and sinusitis in children —> amoxicillin

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12
Q

Enterococcus hydrolyzes ?

A

Esculin in 40% bile and 6.5% NaCl

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13
Q

Mechanism of resistance to vancomycin in VanA strains of enterococcus ?

A

They have UDP-N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide with terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine replaced with D-alanyl-D-lactate which functions in cell wall synthesis but doesn’t bind to vancomycin

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14
Q

Mechanism of action of tetanospasmin ?

A

Binds to ganglioside receptors leads to blocking of inhibitory mediators at spinal synapses

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15
Q

Ttt of actual tetanus ?

A

TIG plus metronidazole or penicillin
Spasmolytic drugs
Debride
Delay closure

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of botulinum toxin ?

A

Blocks release of Ach at myoneural junction resulting in reversible flaccid paralysis

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17
Q

Ttt of botulism ?

A

In adults : trivalent antitoxin

In infants : hyperimmune human serum

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18
Q

Characteristics of clostridium perfringens ?

A

Stormy fermentation in milk media

Double zone of hemolysis

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19
Q

Clostridium perfringens is identified by ?

A

Nagler reactions

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20
Q

Antibiotics for clostridium perfringens?

A

Clindamycin

Penicillin

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21
Q

Clostridium septicum causes ?

A

Septic shock in colon cancer patients

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22
Q

Diseases caused by clostridium difficile ?

A 
1- antibiotic associated diarrhea with 
Clindamycin 
Cephalosporins 
Amoxicillin 
Ampicillin 
2- colitis 
3- pseudomembranous colitis
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23
Q

Diagnosis for clostridium difficile ?

A

Stool exam for toxin production

NB : culture is not diagnostic because its a part of normal flora

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24
Q

Ttt for clostridium difficile infections ?

A

Metronidazole
Vancomycin
Fecal transplant for chronic infections
For mild cases : discontinuation of other antibiotic therapy

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25
Q

Ttt of lesteria infections ?

A

Ampicillin with gentamicin added for immunocompromised patients

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26
Q

Diphtheria toxin action ?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to eEF-2

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27
Q

Ttt of diphtheria ?

A

Erythromycin and antitoxin

For endocarditis : IV penicillin and aminoglycosides for 4-6 weeks

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28
Q

Ttt of actinomycosis ?

A

Penicillin V and surgical drainage

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29
Q

Causative agent of nocardiosis ?

A

N. Asteroids

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30
Q

Causative agent of cutaneous nocardiosis ?

A

N. Brasiliensis

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31
Q

Ttt of norcardiosis ?

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

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32
Q

Cell wall of mycobacterium contains high concentration of ?

A

Lipids containing long chain fatty acids called mycolic acids

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33
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces ?

A

Niacin

A heat sensitive catalase

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34
Q

Cord factor actions in mycobacterium tuberculosis ?

A

Causes serpentine growth in vitro
Inhibits leukocytes migration
Disrupts mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation

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35
Q

Action of sulfatids in mycobacterium tuberculosis ?

A

Inhibits phagosome - lysosome fusion allowing intracellular survival

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36
Q

Quantiferon TB gold test ?

A

Measures interferon-gamma production when leukocytes exposed to TB antigens

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37
Q

Major oxidase-negative gram negative group is ?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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38
Q

Ttt of Neisseria meningitidis infections ?

A

For infants / neonates : ampicillin and cefotaxime

For children / adults : cefotaxime pr ceftriaxone with pr without vancomycin

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39
Q

Types of vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis infection ?

A

Conjugate for strains Y,W-135,C,A

Recombinant for B strain

40
Q

Ttt of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections ?

A

Ceftriaxone , Macrolides for C. Trachomatis

41
Q

Prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ophthalmitis in infants ?

A

Silver nitrate or erythromycin ointment in eyes at birth

42
Q

Outer membrane proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

OMP l

Opa proteins

43
Q

Ttt of Moraxella catarrhalis infection ?

A

Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid
Second or third generation cephalosporins
TMP-SMX

44
Q

Pigments of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Pyocyanin

Fluorescein

45
Q

Ttt of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Penicillin and an aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone

46
Q

Ttt of burkholderia cepacia infections ?

A

TMP-SMX

47
Q

Ttt of Acinetobacter baumanni ?

A

Carbapenem

Polymyxin

48
Q

Ttt of legionella ?

A

Fluoroquinolone

Macrolide with rifampin

49
Q

Ttt of francisella tularensis

A

Streptomycin

50
Q

Tick that transmit francisella tularensis ?

A

Dermacentor

51
Q

Pertussis toxin effects ?

A 
ADP ribosylation of Gi which leads to :
1- lymphocytosis 
2- islet activation leading to hypoglycemia 
3- blocking of immune effector cells 
4- increased histamine sensitivity
52
Q

Media for culturing bordetella pertussis?

A

Regan-Lowe or Bordet-Gengou

53
Q

Ttt of pertussis ?

A

Erythromycin for 14 days

54
Q

Ttt of brucellosis ?

A

For adults : rifampin and doxycycline

For children : rifampin and cotrimoxazole

55
Q

Ttt of haemophilus influenza?

A

Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone

Rifampin if still colonized

56
Q

Ttt of haemophilus ducreyi ?

A

Cefotaxime or ciprofloxacin or azithromycin

57
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi appearance on gram stain ?

A

School of fish

58
Q

Ttt of pasteurella multocida ?

A

Amoxicillin

Clavulanate

59
Q

Ttt of HACEK infections ?

A

Third generation cephalosporins

60
Q

Ttt of campylobacter jejuni ?

A

Erythromycin

Fluoroquinolones

61
Q

Quadruple therapy for helicobacter pylori ?

A

PPI + bismuth + 2 antibiotics ( metronidazole and tetracycline )

62
Q

Ttt of cholera ?

A

Doxycycline

Ciprofloxacin

63
Q

Ttt of UTI caused by e coli ?

A

Fluoroquinolone

Sulfonamide

64
Q

Ttt of e coli neonatal septicemia/ meningitis ?

A

Ceftriaxone

65
Q

Ttt of e coli septicemia ?

A

Fluoroquinolones

Third generation cephalosporins

66
Q

Ttt of klebsiella infections ?

A

Third generation cephalosporins with or without aminoglycoside
Carbapenem for ESPL producing strains

67
Q

Ttt of klebsiella granulomatis ?

A

Doxycycline

68
Q

Diagnosis of klebsiella granulomatis ?

A

Donovan bodies seen on Wright-Giemsa stain

69
Q

Invasive bacteria (PMN in stools) ?

A

Shigella
Salmonella
Campylobacter
EIEC

70
Q

Toxigenic bacteria ?

A

ETEC
EHEC
Vibrio cholera
Clostridium perfringens

71
Q

Ttt of Aeromonas ?

A

Cefixime

72
Q

Ttt of yersinia pestis ?

A

Aminoglycosides

73
Q

Ttt of yersinia enterocolitica ?

A

Fluoroquinolone or third generation cephalosporins for immunocompromised

74
Q

Ttt of proteus infections ?

A

Fluoroquinolone
TMP-SMX
Third generation cephalosporins

75
Q

Weil-Felix test ?

A

Antigens of OX strains of proteus vulgaris cross react with rickettsial organisms

76
Q

Ttt of salmonella typhi ?

A

Third generation cephalosporins

Fluoroquinolone

77
Q

Vaccines for salmonella typhi ?

A

1- attenuated oral vaccine of strain 21
2- parenteral heat killed
3- parenteral ViCPS polysaccharide capsular vaccine

78
Q

The most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients ?

A

Salmonella

79
Q

Ttt of salmonella enteriditis ?

A

Ampicillin
Third generation cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolone
TMP-SMX

80
Q

Ttt of gardnerella vaginalis ?

A

Metronidazole

Clindamycin

81
Q

Clue cells ?

A

Epithelial cells covered with bacteria

82
Q

Ttt of bacteroides fragilis infection ?

A

Metronidazole
Clindamycin
Cefoxitin

83
Q

Ttt of treponema pallidum ?

A

For primary and secondary : benzathine penicillin

For congenital and tertiary : penicillin G

84
Q

Ttt of Borrelia burgdorferi infections ?

A

For primary : doxycycline , amoxicillin , azithromycin / clarithromycin

For secondary : ceftriaxone

For arthritis : doxycycline or ceftriaxone

85
Q

Ttt of borrelia recurrentis and B hermsi ?

A

Doxycycline

86
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction ?

A

May starts during antibiotic ttt of any spirochete disease during the first 24 hours

Symptoms :
Increased temperature
Decreased BP 
Rigors 
Leukopenia
87
Q

Ttt of leptospira interrogans infection ?

A

Penicillin G , doxycycline

88
Q

Ttt of T trachomatis infections ?

A

Azithromycin or doxycycline

89
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae ttt ?

A

Macrolides

Tetracycline

90
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci ttt ?

A

Doxycycline

91
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by ? Vector ?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

Ticks

92
Q

Epidemic typhus is caused by ? Vector ?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

Human louse

93
Q

Endemic typhus is caused by ? Vector ?

A

Rickettsia typhi

Fleas

94
Q

Scrub typhus is caused by ? Vector ?

A

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Mites

95
Q

Ehrlichiosis is caused by ? Vector ?

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Tick

96
Q

Weil-Felix test in diagnosis of Rickettsia rickettsii mechanism ?

A

Cross reaction of Rickettsia antigens with OX strains of proteus vulgaris

97
Q

Ttt of Rickettsia rickettsii ?

A

Doxycycline

Microbilogy (6 decks)

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