2 Bonding 2 Flashcards

1
Q

State the melting points of ionic substances

A

Very High

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2
Q

Explain why ionic substances have high melting points.

A

There is strong electrostatic attraction (1) between oppositely charged ions (1) that require lots of energy to break (1).

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3
Q

Will NaCl(s) conduct electricity?

A

No

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4
Q

Will NaCl (aq) conduct electricity?

A

Yes (aq stands for aqueous which means it is dissolved in water)

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5
Q

Will NaCl (l) conduct electricity?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What does molten mean?

A

Melted

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7
Q

Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid

A

Because the ions are not free to move and carry charge.

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8
Q

Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity in solution

A

Because the ions are free to move and carry charge.

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9
Q

Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten

A

Because the ions are free to move and carry charge.

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10
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

Dissolves in water

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11
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

Does not dissolve in a particular solvent.

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12
Q

Magnesium carbonate is insoluble. What do you need to do before it will conduct electricity?

A

Melt it

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13
Q

Sodium fluoride is soluble. Explain what the easiest way for it to conduct electricity is

A

Dissolve it in water because this does not require high temperatures

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14
Q

Explain why chlorine and fluorine form covalent bonds

A

They are both non-metals

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15
Q

Complete the sentence: In covalent bonds, electrons are _______________________

A

Shared

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16
Q

In ionic bonds, electrons are ___________________

A

Transferred

17
Q

What is the name given to the structure of diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide?

A

Giant covalent

18
Q

How many bonds does each carbon have in diamond?

A

4

19
Q

Explain why diamond has a high melting point

A

Giant structure, Strong covalent bonds between the atoms, requires a lot of energy to break

20
Q

Explain why most giant covalent substances do not conduct electricity (3 marks)

A

There are no electrons/ions/charged particles that are free to move

21
Q

Explain why graphite conducts electricity

A

Has delocalised electrons between the layers that can move through the graphite

22
Q

Explain why graphite can act as a lubricant

A

Weak forces between layers which are free to slide over each other

23
Q

What is graphene?

A

One layer of graphite

24
Q

What is a fullerene?

A

Substance made of carbon atoms arranged in a cage

25
Q

What type of substance are methane and water?

A

Simple molecular (or simple molecules)

26
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms chemically bonded together

27
Q

Describe the structure of simple covalent molecules

A

Strong covalent bonds between atoms, weak forces holding the molecules together

28
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

Weak forces between molecules which hold them together

29
Q

Explain why methane has a low melting point

A

It is a simple molecular substance with weak forces between the molecules (which are easy to break)

30
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Millions of small molecules joined together in a chain to form a large molecule