2 c Biological molecules Flashcards

2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 (37 cards)

1
Q

What are the 3 main molecules in organisms

A

-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Lipids

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2
Q

Chemical elements of carbohydrates

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

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3
Q

Chemical elements of protein

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen (sometimes others)

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4
Q

Chemical elements of lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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5
Q

What are glucose and fructose

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

What happens when glucose is broken down

A

It releases a lot of energy

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7
Q

How are disaccharides made

A

Two monosaccharides joint together

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8
Q

How is maltose formed

A

Two glucose molecules

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9
Q

How is sucrose formed

A

One glucose & one fructose molecule

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10
Q

How is a polysaccharide formed

A

Lots of monosaccharides joint together

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11
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

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12
Q

Why are polysaccharides useful as storage molecules

A

Theyre insoluble

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13
Q

What are most of lipids made up of in the body

A

Triglycerides

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14
Q

What are lipids divided into

A

Fats (solid at room temperature)
Oils (liquid at room temperature)

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15
Q

What are proteins made of

A

Long chains of amino acids

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16
Q

How many amino acids are there

17
Q

Examples of proteins

A

Enzymes, haemoglobin, ligaments & keratin

18
Q

What solution is added to test for glucose

A

Benedicts solution

19
Q

What colour change would be positive for test for glucose

A

Blue to orannge / brick red

20
Q

What is used to test for starch

A

Iodine solution

21
Q

What colour change would be a positive test for starch

A

orange-brown to blue-black

22
Q

What solution is used to test for proteins

A

Biuret solution

23
Q

What colour change would be a positive test for proteins

A

Blue to purple

24
Q

What liquid is used to test for lipids

25
What would form to signify a positive test for lipids
Cloudy emulsion
26
Name the safety measures for -Biuret solution & iodine -Sodium hydroxide -Ethanol
-Irritants to the eyes -Corrosive -Flammable
27
What are enzymes
Biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction without being changed
28
Why are enzymes necessary
They maintain the reaction speeds of metabolic reactions
29
How are enzymes specified to one particular substrate
They have an active site which has a specific shape
30
What is the name when a substrate moves into the active site
enzyme-substrate complex
31
What's the optimum temperature for enzymes
37ºC
32
What will happen if the temperature is too high for enzymes
The bonds that hold the enzymes together will break: Denature
33
What happens during denaturation
The active site changes shape, the substrates no longer fit. Its irreversible
34
Why do enzymes work less at lower temperatures
The molecules have less kinetic energy so they move slower and there's less collision
35
What is the optimum pH for most enzymes
7
36
What happens if the pH is too high or too low for the enzyme
The bonds can be disrupted/destroyed; denaturation
37
What are the factors that affect the activity of enzymes
-Temperature -pH