2. Calculations/Formulas/Nutrition Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
1 tsp (t) = ? mL
A
5 mL
2
Q
1 tbsp (T) = ? mL
A
15 mL
3
Q
1 fl oz = ? mL
A
30 mL
4
Q
1 cup = ? oz, ? mL
A
8 oz
240 mL
5
Q
1 pint = ? oz, ? mL
A
16 oz
480 mL
6
Q
1 quart = ? pints, ? mL
A
2 pints
960 mL
7
Q
1 gallon = ? quarts, ? mL
A
4 quarts
3,840 mL
8
Q
1 kg = ? Lbs
A
2.2 lbs
9
Q
1 oz = ? grams
A
28.4 g
10
Q
1 lbs = ? oz, ? grams
A
16 oz
454g
11
Q
1 grain = ? mg
A
65 mg
12
Q
Ratio of mEq:mmol (monovalent vs divalent)
A
Monovalent - 1:1
Divalent - 1:0.5
13
Q
1 inch = ? cm
A
2.54 cm
14
Q
% w/v = ?
A
X g
———
100 mL
15
Q
Percentage strength = ?
A
% strength = 100 / Ratio strength
16
Q
Parts per million (PPM) to % strength conversion
A
Move decimal 4 to the left
17
Q
Specific gravity
A
SG = weight (g) / weight of equal water volume (mL)
18
Q
Dilutions equation
A
(Old quantity) x (old conc.) = (new quantity) x (new conc.)
19
Q
Alligation
A
X part high % + Y parts low % = desired %
20
Q
Osmolarity equation (mOsm/L)
A
Weight (g)
————— x (# particles) x 1,000
MW
21
Q
Isotonicity (E) equation
A
58.5 [MW of NS] MW of drug
E = ———————— X ———————————
1.8 [dissociation factor of NS] Dissociation factor of drug
22
Q
Moles or milimoles
A
Moles = grams/MW
Milimoles = mg/MW
23
Q
Miliequivalents (two equations)
A
Mg x valence
mEq = ——————— OR mmols x valence
MW
24
Q
Fluid need equation (WEIGHT >20kg)
A
1,500 mL + (20 mL x [kg - 20])
25
How many calories are in each GRAM of CARBS, FAT and PROTEIN?
Carbs, Protein = 4 kcal/g
Fat = 9 kcal/g
26
Daily protein requirements (ambulatory/non-hospitalized vs. hospitalized/malnourished)
Ambulatory/non-hospitalized = 0.8 - 1 g/kg/day
Hospitalized/malnourished = 1.2 - 2 g/kg/day
27
Calculating nitrogen intake equation (dietary)
Grams protein intake
——————————
6.25
28
Amino acid kcal/g (parenteral nutrition)
AA = 4 kcal/g
29
Dextrose kcal/gram (parenteral nutrition)
Dex = 3.4 kcal/gram
30
Injectable Lipid Emulsions (ILE)
10% = ? kcal/mL
20% = ? kcal/mL
30% = ? kcal/mL
10% = 1.1 kcal/ml
20% = 2 kcal/ml
30% = 3 kcal/ml
31
What filter should be used for lipid injectable emulsions?
1.2 micron filter
32
What two IV drugs provide lipid calories?
Propofol
Clevidipine
33
What types of SODIUM compounds can be administrated for sodium supplement in peripheral nutrition? (3)
Which is the best if pt is acidotic?
Sodium chloride, acetate, phosphate
**Sodium acetate** is best for acidosis
34
What types of POTASSIUM compounds can be administrated for sodium supplement in peripheral nutrition? (3)
What is the normal range for K?
Potassium chloride, phosphate, acetate
Normal range = 3.5 - 5 mEq/L
35
What compounds can be administrated for PHOSPHATE supplement in peripheral nutrition?
**Sodium** and **potassium** phosphate
36
What is the corrected calcium equation?
Ca corr. (mg/dL) = Ca [measured] + ([4 - albumin)] x 0.8)
37
What are the fat soluble (4) and water soluble (9) vitamins?
Fat soluble (A, D, E, K)
Water soluble (B-1 [thiamine], B2 [riboflavin], B3 [niacin], B5 [pantothenic acid], B6 [pyridoxine], vitamin C [ascorbic acid], folic acid, B-12 [cyanocobalamin], biotin)
38
T/F: Iron is routinely given in peripheral nutrition
False, iron rarely given in PN
39
What kind of insulin can be added to peripheral nutrition?
Regular insulin
40
What are some sources of enteral nutrition? (5)
Ensure
Osmolite
Jevity
Glucerna
Novasource
41
What are the types of feeding tubes? Which is most common?
Nasogastric (NG) **most common**
Gastrostomy (PEG/G tube)
Jejunostomy (PEJ/J tube)
42
What should be done w tube feeds when administering warfarin down feeding tubes?
HOLD tube feeds **1 HOUR BEFORE + 1 HOUR AFTER** warfarin
43
Some drugs chelate with polyvalent cations (Mg, Ca, Fe) and should be separated from tube feeds. What drugs are these?
Tetracyclines
Quinolones
Levothyroxine
44
When administering **ciprofloxacin** to a patient w enteral tube feeds, how should it be given?
**IR tablets** are crushed and flushed into tubes
PO suspension cannot be given since it is oil-based, adheres to tube
45
When administering phenytoin suspension to patients w tube feeds, how must it be administered?
**SEPARATE** tube feeds by **2 hours** since phenytoin binds to feeding solution
46
What is the BMI formula?
Weight (kg) Weight (lb)
————— OR —————— x 703 (conversion to kg/m2)
Height ^2 (m) Height ^2 (in)
47
What are the BMI classifications?
Underweight - <18.5
Normal weight - 18.5-24.9
Overweight - 25-29.9
Obese - ≥30
48
What is the ideal body weight calculation? (M and F)
IBW (male) = 50kg + 2.3 x (inches >5’)
IBW (female) = 45.5kg + 2.3 x (inches >5’)
49
Adjusted body weight calculation & when is it used?
Used when patients are OBESE (**TBW ≥ 1.2x IBW**)
AdjBW = IBW + [0.4 x(TBW - IBW)]
50
What BUN:SCr ratio limit indicates dehydration/pre-renal AKI?
> 20:1 (BUN:SCr)
51
What is the Cockroft-Gault equation?
(140 - age) x IBW
——————— X 0.85 if female
72 x SCr
52
What pHs define acidosis and alkalosis?
Acidosis - pH < 7.35
Alkalosis - pH > 7.45
53
How to determine if metabolic or respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
1. Look at pH (>7.45 is alkalosis, <7.35 is acidosis)
2. Based on acidosis/alkalosis, check if elevated HCo3- [bicarb] (alkalosis) OR pCO2 (acidosis)
3. Keep in mind that there is compensatory increase in the other factor (bicarb/pCO2)
54
Anion gap calculation
AG = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
[cation - anions (chloride+bicarb)]
55
Anion gap calculation
AG = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
[cation - anions (chloride+bicarb)
56
If a solution’s pH > pKa…
If a solution’s pH < pKa…
pH > pKa - more of the acid is **IONIZED** [conjugate base is unionized]
pH < pKa - more of the acid is **UNIONIZED** [conjugate base is ionized]
57
pH calculation for WEAK ACID solutions
pH = pKa + log[salt/acid]
58
pH calculation for WEAK BASE solutions
pH = pKa + log[base/salt]
59
What is the % ionization of a solution [weak ACID, weak BASE]
ACID: % ionization = 100 / (1 + 10^[pKa - pH])
BASE: % ionization = 100 / (1 + 10^[pH - pKa])
60
Is calcium CARBONATE absorption acid dependent or independent? What % is elemental Ca?
Acid DEPENDENT, should be taken w meals
40% elemental Ca
61
Is calcium CITRATE absorption acid dependent or independent? What % is elemental Ca?
Acid INDEPENDENT
21% elemental Ca
62
Which calcium formulation (carbonate/citrate/acetate) is NOT used for calcium replacement? What is it used for instead?
Ca ACETATE not used for Ca replacement
used as a PHOSPHATE BINDER
63
Aminophylline and theophyline are dosed using ____. What is the conversion between the two?
Dosed using **IBW**
Know: **ATM 0.8**
**A**minophylline to **T**heophyline = **M**ultiply by 0.8
64
ANC calculation
ANC = WBC x ([% neutrophils + % bands] / 100)
