2) Chapter 2. Dry Cargo Ship Tonnages, Loadlines, Dimensions and Cargoes.

Question 1

What ship’s tonnage can be based on?

Answer 1

Either on weight or volume.

Question 2

Ship tonnage based on weight?

LTD?

Answer 2

Actual weight of the ship plus the weight of all it is carrying - loaded displacement tonnage or simply displacement tonnage.

Weight of an empty ship - light displacement tonnage (LDT)

Question 3

DWAT?

Answer 3

Deadweight all told.

Question 4

DWCC?

Answer 4

Deadweight cargo capacity.

Question 5

Ship tonnage based on volume?

Gross Tonnage?

Net Tonnage?

Answer 5

Gross tonnage - roughly the volume of all enclosed spaces. (Safety measures based on that)

Net tonnage - calculated after certain deductions for non-revenue earning spaces. (Earning capacity; harbour and canal dues/expenses)

Question 6

Cubic Capacity?

Answer 6

Provided by shipbuilders for dry cargo vessels (Grain; Bale capacities)

Question 7

LOA?
Beam?
Draught?
Depth moulded (DM)?
Air Draught?
Hatchways?
Tanttops and decks?

Answer 7

Length Overall.
The width of a ship.
Depth of a ship in the water. (difference between salty water and fresh).

Question 8

What fuel is used?

Answer 8

Intermediate Fuel Oils (IFO) low cost

Question 9

Dangerous Goods?

Answer 9

• Explosives
• Goods that can harm ship such as sulphur
• Goods that can harm vessel’screw or stevedores such as ferro-silicon
• Goods that can damage other goods such as copra

Question 10

Cargo Handling hazards?

Answer 10

1. Carrying grain - grain can shift causing the vessel to list and in worst-case scenario capsize.
2. Container Stowage - placing heavy containers on top of light ones.
3. Ventilation - to prevent condensation.
4. Fire hazards - Coal, sulphur, cotton and fishmeal are liable to spontaneously heat up.
5. Failing cargo - iron ore, quartz steel scraps.
6. Dust - health problems of the crew.
7. Liquefaction - iron fines, nickel ore and mineral concentrate transform from solid dry state to a near-fluid state.
8. Enclosed spaces - agricultural products such as wood, paper pulp can lead to severe oxygen depletion and CO2 to form.