2. Christianity Flashcards

Question

Answer 1

Jesus as the Model of Christian Life * Jesus is viewed as'sinless' and a model for Christians to emulate. * His teachings include ethical behavior commands and living a life of compassion, healing, and selflessness. * Jesus is a good man and holy man, and Christians are expected to emulate his example. * The New Testament suggests Jesus as the first of the new faith and the one who brings perfection. * The apostle Paul urges Timothy to follow him as he follows Christ, introducing the idea of looking to mature Christians as examples of life. Development of Early Christian Communities * The earliest texts in the New Testament are the letters of Paul, a Roman citizen and well-educated Jew. * The letters of Paul and the teachings of early apostles have been the foundation of Christian theology and practice since New Testament times. * The Church had to meet secretly at first but became an influential movement in the three centuries following the time of Jesus. Church Variants * Baptist: A denomination of Christianity that rejects infant baptising. * Evangelical: A Protestant movement that considers one's soul can be saved only by having faith in the atoning death of Jesus. * Pentecostals: Followers of Christianity that emphasizes the gifts of the Holy Spirit. * Creed: A statement of religious belief summarizing the major concepts of that religion. Anglican Church of Australia * The Anglican Church in Australia continues to define itself in relation to its closeness to Catholicism.

Answer 2

1/ Baptist: a denomination of Christianity that rejects infant baptising, believing that followers should choose to be Christian of their own accord. 2/ Evangelical: originally, 'from the Gospels, from the 18th century CE it refers to a Protestant movement that considers one's soul can be saved only by having faith in the atoning death of Jesus 3/ Pentecostals followers of the variant of Christianity that emphasises the gifts of the Holy Spirit. 4/ creed: a statement of religious belief, often summarising the major concepts of that religion

Answer 3

1/ Catholic:- actually means 'universal' the denomination usually called Catholic is the Roman Catholic Church. 2/ Proselytising: encouraging converts from one religion to another.

Answer 4

The Catholic Church and its Doctrine * The Catholic Church follows the Doctrine of Apostolic Succession, which states that Jesus gave a sacred mission to the apostle Peter, the first pope, and passed it on to all other popes. * Other Christian Churches established at the same time as the Roman Church, such as those in Greece, Antioch, Syria, and others, argue that the Catholic pope has no automatic claim of authority over their churches. * The Catholic Church recognizes seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, holy communion, penance, ordination, marriage, and extreme unction. * European influence led to an emphasis on the role of the Virgin Mary, with the Doctrine of Immaculate Conception established in 1854. * The Doctrine of Purgatory was adopted in 1264, stating that an intermediate realm exists for souls who are Christian but need to repent of their sins before entering heaven. * Popes in Rome continued to claim that the Church had authority over kings and scientists, and only they could grant entry into heaven. * In 1517, Martin Luther attacked the Church for this corruption, leading to the development of Protestantism. Orthodoxy * For the first thousand years of the Catholic Church, the Orthodox churches were Christian Churches that existed in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire and came under the control of the Emperor in Byzantium. * The Eastern Church, the Orthodox Church, split from the Western Church, the Roman Catholic Church, in 1054 CE, known as the Great Schism. * Both churches traced their origins to the apostles, but over time, they developed different ideas and practices. * Orthodox churches became regional churches and reflect the culture and identity of their people. Pentecostalism * Pentecostalism began as a revival movement within Christianity in the early twentieth century, focusing on the possibility of Christian believers being made perfect by the will of God. * The Pentecost, a time of the Jewish calendar mentioned in Leviticus 23: 5-21 and Deuteronomy 16: 8-10, is a time of intense enthusiasm for God. Charles F Parham's Contributions * Charles F Parham realized that the baptism of the Holy Spirit was accompanied by the speaking of unknown languages, leading to his preaching and revitalization of Christianity in America.

Answer 5

Protestantism: Origins and Influence * Protestantism began with Martin Luther's 95 Theses in 1517, leading to significant political, social, and theological changes in Europe. * Other key figures included John Calvin, John Knox, Huldreich Zwingli. * Protestantism emphasizes the authority of the Bible over the Pope, the grace of God for forgiveness, and the importance of faith. * Protestant churches generally recognize only two sacraments, baptism and holy communion, compared to the seven of the Catholic Church. * Protestant churches recognize the 'priesthood of all believers' in gaining access to God, unlike the role of the priest as mediator in the Catholic Church. * Clergy can generally marry in Protestant churches, and many have more flexible church government styles.

Answer 6

- Christianity began with influences from the Greek, Roman and Jewish contexts. - Knowledge of Jesus of Nazareth's life is drawn mainly from the four Gospels. - Christians believe Jesus was a significant teacher and miracle worker. - Christians believe Jesus was crucified and rose to life again. - Jesus is an example that Christians seek to follow. * Christianity had humble beginnings but soon became the dominant religious tradition in Europe. - Christian variants include the Anglican, Catholic, Orthodox, Pentecostal and Protestant churches. - Christians believe Jesus is both human and divine. - Christians believe Jesus' death and resurrection were purposeful events. - Christian beliefs include the concept of the Trinity: one god, three persons. - Christians believe God has revealed himself in many ways, but ultimately through Jesus and the Bible. - Christians believe Jesus' death brought salvation to the world. - The Christian sacred text is the Bible. The Bible is used by Christians for beliefs, ethics, devotional life and liturgical practices. - Christian ethics are based on the Old Testament (the Ten Commandments) and the New Testament. - The Beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount and Jesus' command to love are principal Christian ethical principles. - Prayer is an essential spiritual discipline to Christians. - Christian prayers take on different forms and embody different purposes.

2. Christianity Flashcards

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