2. Congenital anomalies

Question 1

Types of congenital anomalies

Answer 1

1. Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
2. Ectopic Thyroid
3. Abnormal Development of the Thyroid

Question 2

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Answer 2

1. Vestige of embryonic thyroid gland
2. Midline neck cyst anterior to the trachea that rises when sticking out the tongue
3. Histologically:
   - Squamous of cuboidal lining surrounding follicles
4. Complications:
   - Infection
   - Malignant change (rarely)

Question 3

Ectopic Thyroid

Answer 3

1. Upper GI tract (tongue, larynx, esophagus)
2. Upper respiratory tract (trachea, jugular carotid nodes)
3. Soft tissues of the neck & CVS (heart, great vessels)

Question 4

Abnormal Development of the Thyroid

Answer 4

Agenesis, hypoplasia, dysplasia