2. CV System

Question 1

Vascular System Mission

Answer 1

maintain quality and volume of ECF via capillary bed

Question 2

All cells must be ____ from capillary or will die

Answer 2

200 micro ms

Question 3

Most variable tunic with SMCs and CT

Answer 3

Tunica Media (middle) = myocardium

Question 4

Tunic made of CT and simple squamous cells. May host niche of adult cardiac SCs

Answer 4

Tunica Adventitia (Outer) = epicardium

Question 5

Tunic with endothelium of ECs

Answer 5

Tunica Intima = endocardium

Question 6

Endothelial cells are made of:

Answer 6

simple squamos cells with basal lamina

Question 7

What stain do we use to identify cardiac muscle

Answer 7

PECAM~ CD31 cluster of differenation

Question 8

During devo, the _____ cells grow over surface of heart in mono cell layer

Answer 8

epicardial cells

Question 9

What three things to the epicardial cells give rise to?

Answer 9

Cardiac fibroblasts
coronary arteries (ECs and SMCs)
possibly cardiac monocytes

Question 10

What are the three layers of the Large arteries?

Answer 10

1. Adventitia: elastic
2. Media: thickest w/ circuarl SMCs + 40-70 elastic lamellae
3. Intima: ECs with tight jnx + pinocytic vesicles

Question 11

Function of Large arteries

Answer 11

Elastic recoil and maintain BP during DIASTOLE

Question 12

Clinical issue we can have with Large arteries

Answer 12

aneurysm

Question 13

What is the thickest tunic in large veins

Answer 13

adventitia

Question 14

Whats the most promiment layer in the Muscular arteries?

Answer 14

The Media: has 40 layers of SMC!!!! and less elastin

Question 15

Whats a marker of the intima layer of the muscular artery?

Answer 15

interal elastic lamina …single

Question 16

Function of the Muscular arteries

Answer 16

SMCs regulate BP

Question 17

Where does atherosclerosis occur?

Answer 17

In muscluar artiers

Question 18

Internal plaques from foam cells come from what?

Answer 18

Macrophages that ingest LDL
SMCs–> intima injest LDL
plaques calcify–> plats attache–> thrombus forms–> MI/Stroke

Question 19

What comprises the Tunica media in small arteries and arterioles?

Answer 19

8 layers of SMC in small artery

2 layers of SMC in arterioles

Question 20

Function of small arteries and arterioles

Answer 20

SMC regulates bloodflow to capillary bed

Question 21

Lipid uptake by SMCs in the small arteries and arterioles will narrow the lumen and lead to

Answer 21

Hypertension

Question 22

Diameter of the lumen of capillaries

Answer 22

~RBC or 7.5 micrometers

Question 23

How many ECs makes up a capillary

Answer 23

I EC can make up a tube; simple squamous endothelium with basal lamina… NO adventitia, NO media

Question 24

Continuous capillary
Has tight jnx~ allows only smaller then 10kDa
Pinocytic vesicles for proteins over 10kDA

Answer 24

Type I Capillary

Question 25

Fenestrated capillary | have 100nm windows = permanent pino vesicles

Answer 25

Type II Caps

Question 26

Sinusoidal capillary | Discontinuities and apx 30 micrometer diamerter

Answer 26

Type III Caps

Question 27

Where are Type I Caps found and what do they transport

Answer 27

CNS, Heart, Lung, Skeletal Mscl | Oxygen exchange

Question 28

Where are Type II caps found and what do they transport?

Answer 28

Endocrine glands, GI, Kidnesy | hormones/nutrients/ions

Question 29

Where are Type III caps found and what do they transport

Answer 29

Bone marrow, liver, spleen | tranport whole cells

Question 30

Main function of Endothelial Cells

Answer 30

1. Exchange gases and nutrients | 2. Secreate regulatory molecules

Question 31

What vasoacitve factors are secreated by ECs?

Answer 31

Endothelin; vasoconstrictor | NO: vasorelaxant

Question 32

What GFs are secreated by ECs

Answer 32

FGF, PDGF, VEGF~~ to activate angiogenesis

Question 33

What is exchanged between the ECs?

Answer 33

Gases via cell membrane and nutrients via pino vesicles/fenestrations or dicontinuities

Question 34

What is the first and last step of angiogenesis

Answer 34

1. Activation of Endothelial cell receptors | 7. Inhibition of angiogenic growth

Question 35

Angiogenesis targets which type of cells

Answer 35

Endothelial Cells

Question 36

What are Pro-Angiogenic therapies and what are they used for?

Answer 36

VEGF and FGF-induced BV formation for ischemia in heart and extremeties

Question 37

What are Anti-angiogenic therapies and what are they used for?

Answer 37

angiostatin and endostatin.. to combat tumors

Question 38

anti-VEGF mAB that inhibits BV formation and starves tumors

Answer 38

Bevacizumab