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CV > 2. CV System > Flashcards

2. CV System Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular System Mission

A

maintain quality and volume of ECF via capillary bed

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2
Q

All cells must be ____ from capillary or will die

A

200 micro ms

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3
Q

Most variable tunic with SMCs and CT

A

Tunica Media (middle) = myocardium

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4
Q

Tunic made of CT and simple squamous cells. May host niche of adult cardiac SCs

A

Tunica Adventitia (Outer) = epicardium

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5
Q

Tunic with endothelium of ECs

A

Tunica Intima = endocardium

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6
Q

Endothelial cells are made of:

A

simple squamos cells with basal lamina

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7
Q

What stain do we use to identify cardiac muscle

A

PECAM~ CD31 cluster of differenation

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8
Q

During devo, the _____ cells grow over surface of heart in mono cell layer

A

epicardial cells

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9
Q

What three things to the epicardial cells give rise to?

A

Cardiac fibroblasts
coronary arteries (ECs and SMCs)
possibly cardiac monocytes

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the Large arteries?

A
  1. Adventitia: elastic
  2. Media: thickest w/ circuarl SMCs + 40-70 elastic lamellae
  3. Intima: ECs with tight jnx + pinocytic vesicles
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11
Q

Function of Large arteries

A

Elastic recoil and maintain BP during DIASTOLE

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12
Q

Clinical issue we can have with Large arteries

A

aneurysm

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13
Q

What is the thickest tunic in large veins

A

adventitia

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14
Q

Whats the most promiment layer in the Muscular arteries?

A

The Media: has 40 layers of SMC!!!! and less elastin

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15
Q

Whats a marker of the intima layer of the muscular artery?

A

interal elastic lamina …single

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16
Q

Function of the Muscular arteries

A

SMCs regulate BP

17
Q

Where does atherosclerosis occur?

A

In muscluar artiers

18
Q

Internal plaques from foam cells come from what?

A

Macrophages that ingest LDL
SMCs–> intima injest LDL
plaques calcify–> plats attache–> thrombus forms–> MI/Stroke

19
Q

What comprises the Tunica media in small arteries and arterioles?

A

8 layers of SMC in small artery

2 layers of SMC in arterioles

20
Q

Function of small arteries and arterioles

A

SMC regulates bloodflow to capillary bed

21
Q

Lipid uptake by SMCs in the small arteries and arterioles will narrow the lumen and lead to

A

Hypertension

22
Q

Diameter of the lumen of capillaries

A

~RBC or 7.5 micrometers

23
Q

How many ECs makes up a capillary

A

I EC can make up a tube; simple squamous endothelium with basal lamina… NO adventitia, NO media

24
Q

Continuous capillary
Has tight jnx~ allows only smaller then 10kDa
Pinocytic vesicles for proteins over 10kDA

A

Type I Capillary

25
Q

Fenestrated capillary

have 100nm windows = permanent pino vesicles

A

Type II Caps

26
Q

Sinusoidal capillary

Discontinuities and apx 30 micrometer diamerter

A

Type III Caps

27
Q

Where are Type I Caps found and what do they transport

A

CNS, Heart, Lung, Skeletal Mscl

Oxygen exchange

28
Q

Where are Type II caps found and what do they transport?

A

Endocrine glands, GI, Kidnesy

hormones/nutrients/ions

29
Q

Where are Type III caps found and what do they transport

A

Bone marrow, liver, spleen

tranport whole cells

30
Q

Main function of Endothelial Cells

A
  1. Exchange gases and nutrients

2. Secreate regulatory molecules

31
Q

What vasoacitve factors are secreated by ECs?

A

Endothelin; vasoconstrictor

NO: vasorelaxant

32
Q

What GFs are secreated by ECs

A

FGF, PDGF, VEGF~~ to activate angiogenesis

33
Q

What is exchanged between the ECs?

A

Gases via cell membrane and nutrients via pino vesicles/fenestrations or dicontinuities

34
Q

What is the first and last step of angiogenesis

A
  1. Activation of Endothelial cell receptors

7. Inhibition of angiogenic growth

35
Q

Angiogenesis targets which type of cells

A

Endothelial Cells

36
Q

What are Pro-Angiogenic therapies and what are they used for?

A

VEGF and FGF-induced BV formation for ischemia in heart and extremeties

37
Q

What are Anti-angiogenic therapies and what are they used for?

A

angiostatin and endostatin.. to combat tumors

38
Q

anti-VEGF mAB that inhibits BV formation and starves tumors

A

Bevacizumab

CV (11 decks)

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