2. Diseases of the lungs and upper airways in ruminants Flashcards
- What is the primary cause of nasal hemorrhage in ruminants?
Traumatic origin in the background of 99% of cases.
Which virus is responsible for Malignant Catarrhal Fever, and how is it transmitted?
Herpesvirus (OHV-2). Transmission occurs from sheep and goats kept in close contact.
List some clinical signs of Malignant Catarrhal Fever.
Depression, dyspnea, changes of mucous membranes, bilateral
catarrhal discharge, salivation, and necrotic changes on the nasal region with purulent discharge.
What virus causes Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), and when does it commonly occur?
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). It occurs after stress.
Describe the clinical signs of IBR in cattle.
Unilateral catarrhal chemosis, where inflammation is severe enough to obscure the eye of the animal.
Which virus is associated with Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and what are some clinical signs?
Pestivirus. Clinical signs include respiratory signs, ulceration in the mouth, and watery nasal discharge.
What are the common causes of horn inflammation/frontal sinusitis in cattle, and how can it be treated?
Causes include fighting, cutting by veterinary. Treatment involves locally administered drugs, as antibiotics may be less successful due to poor circulation.
Define Fog Fever and describe its pathogenesis.
Fog Fever is acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPEE) caused by 3-methyl indole. Pathogenesis involves feeding on poor pasture followed by a sudden change to lush pasture, resulting in lung edema.
What are the clinical signs of Fog Fever in cattle?
Sudden onset after 4-10 days, cyanosis, increased heart and
respiratory rates, white foamy nasal discharge.
How is Fog Fever diagnosed, and what are the differential diagnoses?
Diagnosis involves the detection of 3-methyl indole from ruminal fluid. Differential diagnoses include severe rumen overload, lactacidemia, bloat, poisonings (cyanic glycosides, methemoglobinemia).
List some viral and bacterial agents associated with enzootic bronchopneumonia in calves.
Viral agents include PI-3, Adeno, BVD, IBR. Bacterial agents include Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Mycoplasma bovis.
What are the predisposing factors for enzootic bronchopneumonia, and what is the pathogenesis leading to chronic disease?
Predisposing factors include dust, cold, gas (NH3), mycotoxins, trichophytiasis, parasites, colostrum antibodies, nutrient, and vitamin deficiency. Pathogenesis involves respiratory epithelial damage leading to sudden death, quick recovery, or bacterial infection resulting in chronic disease.
Describe the clinical signs and treatment of enzootic bronchopneumonia in calves.
Clinical signs include depression, slight nasal discharge, high temperature, and moist lung sounds. Treatment involves antibiotics, bronchodilators, secretolytics, anti-inflammatory, and antitussive medications.
What is the causative agent of lung worm disease in cattle, and how is it diagnosed and treated?
Dictiocaulus viviparus. Diagnosis involves tracheal fluid parasitological exams. Treatment includes antiparasitic medications.
What are the clinical signs of chronic, dry pleuritis in cattle, and how is it diagnosed differentially?
Clinical signs include kyphosis and reluctance to move. Diagnosis involves auscultation. Differential diagnosis includes reticuloperitonitis, splenitis, and kidney problems.
