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2. Do Women Commit More Crime? Flashcards

(4 cards)

1
Q
  1. Chivarly Thesis
A

• Thesis argues that most criminal justice agents (e.g. police officers) are men and are socialised to act in a ‘chivalrous’ way towards women.

• Pollack: argues that men have a protective attitude towards women.
• Criminal justice system is thus more lenient with women and so their crimes are less likely to end up in the official statistics. (invalid picture)
• Self-report studies: individuals are asked about what crimes they have committed.
- Following SR studies suggest …

• Graham and Bowling: found in their research that although males were more likely to offend, the difference was smaller than that recorded in the official statistics.

• Official statistics sometimes prove this theory…
- 1 in 9 female offenders receive a prison sentence for shoplifting (1 in 5 males)

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2
Q
  1. Evidence Against the Chivalry Thesis
A
  1. Box: review of self-report studies concludes that women who commit serious offences are not treated more favourably than men.
  2. Buckle and Farrington: study of shoplifting witnessed twice as many males shoplifting as females. (male / female offenders in official stats were roughly equal)
    - This suggests women shoplifters may be more likely to be prosecuted.
  3. Under reporting of male crimes against women
    - Yearnshire: a woman typically suffers 35 assaults before reporting domestic violence
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3
Q
  1. Bias Against Women
A

• Heidensohn: courts treat females more harshly when they deviate from gender norms

• Double Standards: courts punish girls but not boys for premature sexual activity
- Sharpe: in analysis of 55 youth worker records, 7/11 were referred for support because they sexually active (0/44 boys for this reason)

• Carlen: when women are jailed, it is less for the seriousness of their crime but the court’s assessment of them as wives, mothers and daughters…
- Found that Scottish judges were much more likely to jail women whose children were in care than women who they saw as good mothers.

• Walklate: in rape cases, it is not the defendant who is on trial but the victim.

  • Victim has to prove her respectability in order to have her evidence accepted
  • Smart: quotes judge who said “women who say no do not always mean no”
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4
Q

Summary

A
  1. Chivalry Thesis
  2. Evidence Against Chivalry Thesis
  3. Bias Against Women
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