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Microanatomy > 2 Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

2 Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three morphological characteristics of epithelial cells?

A

Shape

Layers

Surface Specialisations

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2
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Mediates filtration and diffusion

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3
Q

Scale-like epithelial cells are known by what name?

A

Squamous

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4
Q

Epithelial cells which are as wide as they are tall are known as:

A

Cuboidal cells

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5
Q

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Absorption and Secretion

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6
Q

Nuclei of simple columnar cells are found at the base or the top of the cell?

A

Base

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7
Q

What structure connects simple columnar cells to one another?

A

Tight junctions

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8
Q

Cells which are taller than they are wide are known as?

A

Columnar

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9
Q

From where do columnar epithelial cells derive their nutrients?

A

Through the basement membrane

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10
Q

Do epithelial tissues contain capilliaries?

A

no

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11
Q

What are the functions of Simple Columnar Epithelial cells?

A

Protection

Absorption/Transportation (of nutrients)

Sensory

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12
Q

Some Simple Columnar Epithelial cells are innervated to provide sensory input, what areas of the body can they be found?

A

Cornea

Inner ear

Nose

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13
Q

Some simple columnar epithelial cells express cilia for movement of fluids, where can they be found?

A

Small Bronchi

Fallopian tubes

Auditory tubes

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14
Q

A layer of Columnar Epithelial Cells shows nuclei at differing heights above the basement membrane, what is this configuration called?

A

Pseudostratified

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15
Q

Can stratified epithelial cells express cilia?

A

no

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16
Q

Can pseudostratified Epithelial cells express cilia?

A

Yes

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17
Q

A sample of tissue shows a basal layer of columnar cells, followed by further layers flattening as they progress upwards towards the surface - what is this tissue called?

A

Stratified Squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What are the two main sub-types of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Keritinizing

Non-Keritinizing

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19
Q

Some stratified squamous epithelial cells secrete a substance in order to make the tissue waterproof - what is this substance?

A

Glycolipid

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20
Q

Keritinization of cells serves what purpose?

A

Resisting mechanical abrasion

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21
Q

What is the name of cells which produce and fill with keratin?

A

Keratinocytes

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22
Q

In what areas of the body can non-keritinizing stratified squamous epithelium be found?

A

Oesophagus

Oral Cavity

Vagina

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23
Q

Sweat, mammary and salivary glands are typically comprised of what type of epithelia?

A

Stratified Cuboidal

24
Q

How many layers are typical of stratified cuboidal epithelia?

A

Two

25
Q

What are the three types of intercellular membrane specialties of epithelia?

A

Occluding

Adhering

Communicating

26
Q

Tight junctions are also known as:

A

Zonula Occludens

27
Q

Adhering junctions are also known as:

A

Zonula Adherens

and

Macula Adherens

28
Q

Communicating junctions are also known as:

A

Gap Junctions

and

Nexus Junctions

29
Q

The spot-weld like adhesions in zonula occludens are performed by which proteins?

A

Claudins

Occludins

30
Q

Claudins and Occludins are found where?

A

Tight junctions / Zonula Occludens

31
Q

What transmembrane proteins are involved in a zonula adherens?

A

Cadherins

32
Q

Transmembrane Cadherins which bind to intermediate filaments within the cell are called:

A

Desmosomes

33
Q

What is the type of adhesion found in a macula adherens?

A

Desmosomes

34
Q

Do desmosomes bind by the actin filaments or intermediate filaments?

A

Intermediate filaments

35
Q

Transmembrane proteins called Connexons can be found in what type of intercellular surface?

A

Gap junctions

36
Q

Gap junctions serve what purpose?

A

Passage of nutrients and molecules between cells

37
Q

What are the three luminal surface specializations of epithelia?

A

Cilia

Stereocilia

Microvilli

38
Q

What is the function of Microvilli?

A

Greatly increasing surface area

39
Q

Are stereocilia actively motile?

A

No

40
Q

In what areas of the body can sterocilia be found?

A

Epididymis

Ductus Deferens

41
Q

What is the function of Hemidesmosomes?

A

Anchoring epithelia to the basement membrane

42
Q

What are the two classifications of exocrine glands?

A

Simple

Compound

43
Q

Exocrine glands secrete their product to:

A

an external environment

44
Q

Endocrine glands secrete their product to:

A

the bloodstream

45
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Compound Alveolar

(Acinar)

46
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Compound Tubular

47
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Compound Tubuloalveolar

48
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Simple Alveolar

49
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Simple Branched Alveolar

50
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Simple Branched Tubular

51
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Simple Coiled Tubular

52
Q

What type of gland is this?

A

Simple Tubular

53
Q

How does a Merocrine gland deliver its product?

A

Exocytosis

54
Q

Which manner of secretion avoids damaging the secretory cell?

A

Merocrine

55
Q

How does a holocrine cell deliver its secretory product?

A

Rupture of the cell membrane

56
Q

How does an apocrine secretory cell deliver its product?

A

By breaking off vesicles

57
Q
A

Microanatomy (13 decks)

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