2. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

Question 1

Nuclear envelope

Answer 1

Contains pores which enable molecules to enter and leave the nucleus

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Cells control centre. Contains chromatin, the nucleolus, DNA and is responsible for cell division, growth and differentiation.

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Site of ribosome production. Also where ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.

Question 4

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 4

Membrane bound flattened sacs with ribosomes on the surface. Folds and processes proteins made on the ribosomes.

Question 5

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 5

System of membrane bound sacs. Produces and processes lipids.

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Processes and packages proteins and lipids (specialises them). Also produces lysosomes.

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Has double membrane called envelope: inner membrane folded to form cristae with matrix on the inside, containing all enzymes needed for respiration.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Site of protein synthesis. 80s in eukaryotes.

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

Vesicle containing digestive enzymes bound by a membrane. Break down excess or weakened cell organelles. Break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins into small molecules to be used by rest of cell.

Question 10

Cytoskeleton

Answer 10

Provides mechanical strength to cell and aids transport within cells and enabling cell movement.

Question 11

Centrioles

Answer 11

Hollow cylinders containing ring of micro tubules. Involved in cell division.

Question 12

Cell wall (plant)

Answer 12

Outer covering made of cellulose

Question 13

Vacuole (plant)

Answer 13

Stores nutrients and water

Question 14

Chloroplast (plant)

Answer 14

Site of photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy to be used in photosynthesis.